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Operation of China Purchasing Managers Index in December 2019
National bureau of statistics service industry survey center
china federation of logistics & purchasing

I. Operation of Purchasing Managers Index of China Manufacturing Industry

In December 2019, the Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) of China’s manufacturing industry was 50.2%, which was the same as last month.

In terms of enterprise scale, the PMI of large enterprises was 50.6%, down 0.3 percentage points from last month, and that of medium-sized enterprises was 51.4%, up 1.9 percentage points from last month. The PMI of large and medium-sized enterprises was above the critical point. The PMI of small enterprises was 47.2%, down 2.2 percentage points from last month, which was below the critical point.

From the classification index, among the five classification indexes that constitute the manufacturing PMI, the production index, new order index and supplier delivery time index are higher than the critical point, while the raw material inventory index and employee index are lower than the critical point.

The production index was 53.2%, up 0.6 percentage points from last month, and remained above the critical point, indicating that the production expansion of manufacturing enterprises continued to accelerate.

The new order index was 51.2%, down 0.1 percentage point from last month and above the critical point for two consecutive months, indicating that the manufacturing market demand continued to grow.

The raw material inventory index was 47.2%, down 0.6 percentage points from last month, which was below the critical point, indicating that the inventory of major raw materials in manufacturing industry decreased.

The employee index was 47.3%, which was the same as last month, indicating that the employment boom of manufacturing enterprises was stable.

The delivery time index of suppliers was 51.1%, up 0.6 percentage points from last month, which was above the critical point, indicating that the delivery time of raw material suppliers in manufacturing industry was accelerated.

II. Operation of Purchasing Managers Index for Non-manufacturing Industries in China

In December 2019, the non-manufacturing business activity index was 53.5%, down 0.9 percentage points from the previous month, indicating that the non-manufacturing industry maintained an overall expansion trend and its growth rate slowed down.

By industry, the business activity index of service industry was 53.0%, down 0.5 percentage points from last month. From the perspective of industry categories, the business activity index of railway transportation, accommodation, telecommunications, radio and television and satellite transmission services, Internet software information technology services, financial services, leasing and business services industries is above 55.0%, and business activities are relatively active; The business activity index of wholesale industry, real estate industry and other industries is located in the contraction range. The business activity index of the construction industry was 56.7%, down 2.9 percentage points from last month, and maintained a high level of prosperity.

The new order index was 50.4%, down 0.9 percentage points from last month and above the critical point. In terms of industries, the new order index of service industry was 50.0%, down 0.5 percentage points from last month; The new order index of the construction industry was 52.9%, down 3.1 percentage points from last month.

The input price index was 52.4%, down 0.8 percentage points from last month, which was above the critical point, indicating that the overall increase of input prices used by non-manufacturing enterprises for business activities narrowed. In terms of industries, the price index of service inputs was 52.3%, down 0.3 percentage points from last month; The price index of construction inputs was 53.0%, down 3.3 percentage points from last month.

The sales price index was 50.3%, which was 1.0 percentage points lower than that of last month, but it was still above the critical point, indicating that the overall sales price level of non-manufacturing industries increased slightly compared with last month. In terms of industries, the sales price index of service industry was 49.9%, down 1.2 percentage points from last month; The sales price index of the construction industry was 52.2%, down 0.4 percentage points from last month.

The employee index was 48.3%, down 0.7 percentage points from last month, which was below the critical point. In terms of industries, the index of service industry employees was 47.9%, a slight increase of 0.1 percentage points over the previous month; The index of employees in the construction industry was 50.7%, down 4.8 percentage points from last month.

The expected index of business activities is 59.1%, which is 1.9 percentage points lower than that of last month, but it is still in a high boom zone, indicating that non-manufacturing enterprises are more optimistic about the future market development. In terms of industries, the expected index of service business activities was 59.1%, down 1.5 percentage points from last month; The expected index of business activities in the construction industry was 59.2%, down 3.9 percentage points from last month.

Third, the operation of China’s comprehensive PMI output index

In December 2019, the comprehensive PMI output index was 53.4%, down 0.3 percentage points from the previous month, and remained above the critical point, indicating that the production and operation activities of Chinese enterprises maintained an overall expansion trend.

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1. Interpretation of main indicators

Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) is an index compiled through the statistical summary of the monthly survey results of purchasing managers of enterprises. It covers all aspects of purchasing, production and circulation of enterprises, including manufacturing and non-manufacturing fields. It is one of the leading indexes used internationally to monitor macroeconomic trends and has strong forecasting and early warning functions. The comprehensive PMI output index is a comprehensive index that reflects the output changes of the whole industry (manufacturing and non-manufacturing) in the current PMI index system. PMI usually takes 50% as the dividing point of economic strength, and when PMI is higher than 50%, it reflects the overall economic expansion; Below 50%, it reflects the overall economic contraction.

2. Scope of investigation

It involves 31 industry categories and 3,000 survey samples in the National Economic Industry Classification (GB/T4754-2017); There are 37 major categories of non-manufacturing industries and 4000 survey samples.

3. Investigation methods

The purchasing manager adopts PPS (Probability Proportional to Size) sampling method, taking manufacturing or non-manufacturing industries as the layer, and the sample size of industries is distributed according to the proportion of their added value to the total added value of manufacturing or non-manufacturing, and the samples in the layer are extracted with the probability proportional to the main business income of the enterprise.

This survey was specifically organized and implemented by the investigation team directly under the National Bureau of Statistics, and a monthly questionnaire survey was conducted on the purchasing managers of enterprises by using the national statistical network direct reporting system.

4. Calculation method

(1) Calculation method of classification index. The survey index system of purchasing managers in manufacturing industry includes 13 sub-indexes, such as production, new orders, new export orders, orders in hand, finished goods inventory, purchase volume, import, purchase price of main raw materials, ex-factory price, raw material inventory, employees, supplier delivery time, production and business activities expectation, etc. The survey index system of purchasing managers in non-manufacturing industry includes 10 sub-indexes, such as business activities, new orders, new export orders, orders in hand, inventory, input prices, sales prices, employees, supplier delivery time and business activity expectations. The classification index adopts the diffusion index calculation method, that is, the percentage of enterprises that answer positively plus half of the percentage that answers unchanged. Because there is no composite index for non-manufacturing industries, the international business activity index is usually used to reflect the overall changes of non-manufacturing economic development.

(2) The calculation method of manufacturing PMI index. Manufacturing PMI is weighted by five diffusion indices (classification indices). The five classification indexes and their weights are determined according to their leading influence on the economy. Specifically, it includes: new order index with a weight of 30%; Production index with a weight of 25%; Employee index, with a weight of 20%; Supplier delivery time index with a weight of 15%; Raw material inventory index, with a weight of 10%. Among them, the supplier delivery time index is an inverse index, which is inversely calculated when synthesizing the manufacturing PMI index.

(3) Calculation method of comprehensive PMI output index. The comprehensive PMI output index is a weighted sum of manufacturing production index and non-manufacturing business activity index, and the weights are the proportion of manufacturing and non-manufacturing to GDP respectively.

5. Seasonal adjustment

Purchasing manager survey is a monthly survey, which is influenced by seasonal factors and the data fluctuates greatly. The published indexes are all seasonally adjusted data.

　　Yesterday (December 12), the Central Network Information Office issued the "Notice on Launching the Special Action of" Clearing and Rectifying the Bad Orientation of Short Video Information Content ".

　　According to the special action arrangement of "Clear and Clear" series in 2023, the Central Network Information Office launched a one-month special action of "Clear and Clear, Rectify the Bad Orientation of Short Video Information Content" from yesterday. The special action focuses on the frequent chaos in the field of short video, focusing on rectifying the poor guidance of three types of short video information content.

　　The first category is the problem of short video spreading false information. 1. Make a fake short video by posing. Make and publish rumors about people’s livelihood. Fabricate a plot to help the disadvantaged groups in society and consume public sympathy. Posing at the scene of an emergency, fabricating false scenes and spreading panic. 2. Technology generates false short videos. Using artificial intelligence and other technologies to fabricate and splice content, illegally using other people’s portraits and voices for face replacement or voice synthesis, and generating false short videos. 3. Disregarding facts and tampering with fraud. Tampering with official authoritative information or taking it out of context.

　　The second category, short video shows misconduct. 1. "erotic rubbing" behavior. Deliberately display actions with sexual hints or teasing, and publish "soft pornography", "rubbing" and "yellowing" content. Using the name of college students to produce and disseminate "soft pornography" information and conduct vulgar marketing. 2. Create vulgar people. Through short video special effects and props, we deliberately dress up as ugly, create vulgar people in the name of "cross-dressing", and challenge the public aesthetics without a bottom line. 3. online celebrity malicious marketing. Online celebrity anchor gains traffic by any means through uncivilized interaction and irrational expression. Abuse of influence to incite fans’ emotions and organize fans to maliciously "irrigate". Release information on marketing fake and shoddy goods to mislead consumers. 4. Show high-risk behaviors. Publish and disseminate bad information that causes physical and mental discomfort, such as suicide, self-harm and cruelty to animals. Show high-risk behaviors that ignore life safety, such as high-altitude parkour and speed racing.

　　The third category is the problem of short video communication misconceptions. 1. Challenge the bottom line of public cognition. Deliberately infringing on national customs and habits, inciting national hatred or regional discrimination. Spreading wrong views on marriage and love, deliberately creating gender opposition. 2. Spread the wrong value orientation. Spreading wrong career views, advocating unscrupulous and negative world-weariness, and spreading wrong values such as showing off wealth and worshipping money and extravagant enjoyment.

　　The Central Network Information Office said that it will strengthen the short video platform management optimization recommendation mechanism. Efforts should be made to solve the problems such as the deviation of value orientation of short video platform algorithm and the insufficient presentation of high-quality short video. Optimize the traffic distribution mechanism to prevent "emphasizing indicators over quality", and unilaterally use quantitative indicators such as praise rate and forwarding rate as the basis for traffic distribution. Strengthen the platform audit. Efforts should be made to solve the problems of nonstandard audit mechanism and insufficient comprehensive audit standards for short video platforms. Prevent oversimplification or across-the-board review and manual review from going through the motions. It is necessary to adhere to the problem orientation, focus on the problems reflected by the people in the short video field, focus on the protection of the rights and interests of special groups such as minors and the elderly, and fully implement the rectification task.

　　Text/reporter Wen Wei Coordinator/Yu Meiying

　　Feng Zijian, executive vice president and secretary general of the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, said that the real-world research on the preventive effect of domestic vaccines inoculated in Hong Kong and mainland China showed that Chinese vaccines still had a good protective effect on severe illness and death caused by Omicron mutant.

　　Feng Zijian introduced that at present, many technical routes in China have developed univalent and multivalent Omicron mutant vaccines. The univalent inactivated vaccine of Omicron mutant has been approved by clinical trials, and clinical trials are being carried out in Zhejiang, Hunan and Hongkong. The tetravalent recombinant protein vaccine, which has made rapid progress, has been approved for phase III clinical trial in UAE, and related research has been started. In addition, the research on broad-spectrum COVID-19 vaccine has been laid out, and the vaccine with rapid progress has been approved for clinical trials, and related research has been started.

　　Generally speaking, the research and development of Omicron mutant vaccine in China is progressing steadily and rapidly. As long as it is necessary and in accordance with the requirements of relevant laws and regulations, emergency use procedures can be quickly started to provide vaccination. As to whether and when to vaccinate the vaccine specifically targeting Omicron mutant, this issue is being studied not only in China but also internationally, mainly to judge the situation of virus mutation and immune escape. (Reporter Gu Tiancheng, Dong Ruifeng)

General Office of Emergency Management Department on Issuing

Outline of Vocational Qualification Examination for Intermediate Registered Safety Engineer

Notice of the Outline of the Professional Qualification Examination for Junior Registered Safety Engineers

Emergency room [2019] No.43

In order to do a good job in the professional qualification examination of intermediate and junior registered safety engineers, in accordance with the provisions of the professional qualification system of registered safety engineers and the implementation measures of the professional qualification examination of registered safety engineers (emergency [2019〕eightNo.), the Emergency Management Department organized the compilation of the Outline of the Professional Qualification Examination for Intermediate Registered Safety Engineers and the Outline of the Professional Qualification Examination for Junior Registered Safety Engineers, which were approved by the Ministry of Commerce, Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the Ministry of Transport and approved by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, and are now issued for implementation.

Attachment:

1.Outline of occupation qualification examination for intermediate registered safety engineer

2.Outline of professional qualification examination for junior registered safety engineer

General office of emergency management department

2019yearfourmoon19sun

　　Cctv newsOn January 14th, 2020, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security held a press conference for the fourth quarter of 2019. The heads of the Employment Promotion Department, the Vocational Capacity Building Department, the Pension Insurance Department, the Labor Security Supervision Bureau and the Information Center answered questions from reporters.

　　The reporter asked, can you specifically introduce the effect of the policy of reducing social insurance rates in 2019? Are there any new measures to reduce fees in the next step?

　　Nie Mingxi, Director of the Pension Insurance Department of Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, introduced that on April 1, 2019, after the General Office of the State Council issued the Comprehensive Plan for Reducing Social Insurance Rates, all localities actively implemented it, and the work progressed very smoothly, with obvious results, which were mainly reflected in the following four aspects:

　　First, all policies and measures have been put in place. From May 1, 2019, all the 29 provinces and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, as well as the basic endowment insurance units of government agencies and institutions, whose contribution rate is higher than 16%, have reduced to 16%. The provinces continued to reduce unemployment insurance rates in stages, and 26 provinces that met the conditions for reducing fees continued to reduce industrial injury insurance rates in stages. At the same time, the provinces have adjusted the payment base policy according to the actual situation, and the lower limit of the payment base has generally decreased, further reducing the payment burden of difficult enterprises and their employees, and further improving the flexibility of flexible employees in choosing the payment base.

　　Second, the annual fee reduction target was exceeded. In 2015, the total premium rate of five social insurances for employees was 41%, and then it was reduced six times. Last year, it was the largest reduction. At present, the total premium rate of five social insurances has dropped to 33.95%, of which the unit premium rate has dropped to 23.45%, and the six fee reductions have decreased by 7.05 percentage points. According to the latest statistics, in 2019, the expenses of basic old-age insurance, unemployment insurance and industrial injury insurance for enterprise employees were reduced by 425.2 billion yuan, exceeding the target of 310 billion yuan at the beginning of the year. The previous five fee reductions totaled 550 billion yuan. Together with the total fee reductions last year, social insurance fees have been reduced by nearly one trillion yuan since 2015.

　　Third, the effect of reducing the burden on enterprises is obvious. The fee reduction policy has strong inclusiveness and wide benefits, and the burden reduction effect is direct and effective. Both large and medium-sized enterprises and small and micro enterprises generally have a real sense of gain. Since the second half of last year, many media have intensively covered the feelings and effects of fee reduction at the grassroots level. Enterprises generally reported that the fee reduction policy has effectively reduced the labor cost of enterprises, and the fee reduction bonus has been transformed into the driving force for enterprise development and innovation, or into employee welfare to enhance enterprise cohesion, realize enterprise cost reduction, market vitality and employee benefits, which has been welcomed by the majority of enterprises and employees. At the same time, the social security rate is basically unified throughout the country, which has played a positive role in promoting the formation of a fair market competition environment and promoting balanced development among regions.

　　The fourth is to promote the sound development of the old-age insurance system. According to the latest monthly statistics, in 2019, the total income of enterprise basic endowment insurance fund was 3,783 billion yuan, the total expenditure was 3,463.1 billion yuan, the current balance was 319.9 billion yuan, and the accumulated balance was 5,086.9 billion yuan. It is a very gratifying situation that we can still achieve a balance of more than 300 billion yuan in the current period under the circumstances that the fee reduction has exceeded expectations and the basic pension level of retirees has been further improved. It fully shows that after the fee reduction, the threshold for participating in insurance payment has been lowered, the vitality of enterprises has been enhanced, and the enthusiasm of participating units and individuals has been improved, which has not only stabilized and promoted employment, but also achieved reasonable growth in fund income, which has promoted a virtuous circle of enterprise development and pension insurance system development. At the same time, through measures such as compacting the responsibilities of provincial governments, increasing the proportion of central fund transfers, and increasing support for provinces with special difficulties, the structural contradiction of funds between provinces has been effectively alleviated, ensuring that basic pensions are paid in full and on time.

　　In 2020, the State Council decided to reduce unemployment insurance and industrial injury insurance rates in stages for another year. It is a long-term strategic arrangement to reduce the old-age insurance rate to 16%, and Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security will further consolidate the results of the fee reduction.

　　Mass entrepreneurship and innovation are strategic choices under the situation of "three phases" of China’s economic and social development, which is not only a major reform measure to fully stimulate the wisdom and creativity of hundreds of millions of people, but also an important way to achieve national prosperity and people’s prosperity; It is not only a scientific choice to improve the efficiency of spatial and temporal redistribution of production factors, but also an inevitable choice for people to move from an economic power to an economic power. However, mass entrepreneurship is a systematic project. To set off a wave of mass entrepreneurship in the whole society, we need to have and solve the following four key factors:

　　One is the human factor. To form the situation of mass entrepreneurship, people, as the main body of entrepreneurship, must meet two conditions: they must have a strong entrepreneurial will; Have enough entrepreneurial ability. The stimulation of entrepreneurial will needs to form a strong cultural atmosphere of entrepreneurship and innovation in the whole society, respect innovation, advocate entrepreneurship, respect talents, protect the rights and interests of talents, and tolerate entrepreneurial failure. Encourage people to stress morality, value honesty, abide by the rule of law, and abide by contracts, so that innovation and entrepreneurship will become a common way of life, and the public will pay attention to entrepreneurship, think about entrepreneurship and be willing to practice entrepreneurship. It is necessary to increase publicity and recognition of typical entrepreneurship and give play to the role of demonstration. Moreover, the cultivation of entrepreneurial ability needs to start with education, change from exam-oriented education to quality education, strengthen employment guidance and entrepreneurship education for college graduates, implement the college students’ entrepreneurship leading plan, and support college graduates to start businesses in emerging industries. Governments at all levels should encourage and support the development of entrepreneurship counseling and training institutions, so that more willing entrepreneurs can improve their entrepreneurial ability and their chances of success.

　　The second is the factor of capital. Mass entrepreneurship, especially "grassroots entrepreneurship", is often based on self-owned funds or raising funds from relatives and friends, but the risk of entrepreneurship is relatively high. Once entrepreneurship fails, entrepreneurs and their families will fall into life difficulties. Therefore, whether the external financing channels of venture capital are smooth has become the key factor for the formation of mass entrepreneurship wave. First of all, the government can set up a "venture fund for mass entrepreneurship" to ensure the continuous chain of funds for the follow-up development of entrepreneurship, and to really help the horse, it is necessary to send a ride. This year, the state plans to allocate 40 billion yuan to guide the start-up of emerging industries. How to manage and improve the efficiency of the use of funds is worthy of our consideration. Second, carry out financial structure reform. The existing financial structure tends to be higher and heavier. It is suggested that a part of the financial structure should be dedicated to serving entrepreneurs. For example, more standardized small and medium-sized banks can be established to serve entrepreneurs. Large funds managed by the state should increase the proportion of investment in innovation and entrepreneurship. In addition, entrepreneurs should be encouraged and supported to adopt equity financing, so as to make social funds flow from virtual economy to real economy.

　　The third is the factor of entrepreneurial opportunities. The search and grasp of entrepreneurial opportunities depends on the ability of entrepreneurs to search and recognize entrepreneurial information and opportunities, and on the supply ability of government entrepreneurial opportunities. From the government’s point of view, there are at least four aspects to be done: First, increase the publicity and interpretation of the existing innovation and entrepreneurship policies, so that entrepreneurs can learn more about the cultivation and support that innovation and entrepreneurship can obtain, and enhance the chances and confidence of entrepreneurial success. Second, the key to opening up the channel of transformation of scientific and technological achievements is to speed up the reform of the use and disposal of scientific and technological achievements and revenue management, so that scientific and technological personnel are willing to innovate, start businesses and transform, encourage all kinds of innovations, directly use them for entrepreneurship, participate in entrepreneurship through cooperation, and promote entrepreneurship through transfer. Innovation will inevitably lead to mass entrepreneurship. Third, create a fair and orderly market environment, change more "preferential" policies into "inclusive" policies, break some industry monopolies, reduce market access, and cancel unnecessary industry restrictions. For the innovation of some new formats and business models, we should give legal protection, protect, standardize and supervise them, promote fair competition and maintain market order. Fourth, accelerate social innovation, guide and support the establishment of social enterprises, realize cross-border cooperation among the government, enterprises, non-profit organizations and the media, solve social problems such as youth education, old-age care, women’s employment difficulties, and safeguarding the human rights of the disabled, and provide more channels and opportunities for mass entrepreneurship.

　　The fourth is the policy system factor. Policy system is the condition and guarantee factor of mass entrepreneurship, so it is necessary to create conditions and environment for mass entrepreneurship, and clear the obstacles to entrepreneurship instead of setting obstacles. First, the government decentralizes profits to do "subtraction", promotes decentralization, simplifies administrative examination and approval procedures, and promotes the facilitation of investment and entrepreneurship. Second, formulate a classified and guided entrepreneurship policy system. At present, the concepts of innovation and entrepreneurship are usually blurred. In fact, even innovation is not the same as high-tech industry. Innovation also includes technological innovation, management innovation, model innovation, format innovation, market innovation, etc. At present, policy support or capital supply tend to be innovative and entrepreneurial in high-tech industries, while ignoring other industries and groups. Mass entrepreneurship is mostly "grass-roots" entrepreneurship, lacking high-tech support, and mostly related to traditional industries. However, these entrepreneurship may involve innovation in business format and mode, especially the application of "internet plus". Similar entrepreneurship has important contributions and significance for increasing employment and expanding domestic demand. Therefore, formulating a classified and guided entrepreneurship policy system can better stimulate the enthusiasm of mass entrepreneurship. Third, further promote the reform of financing system, taxation and circulation system, increase entrepreneurial opportunities in service industries, and provide convenient conditions for entrepreneurship in other industries. Improve the construction of legal environment, strengthen supervision after the event, punish illegal acts according to law, protect intellectual property rights, and establish a market environment of honest operation and fair competition. Further improve the policy system that is conducive to mass entrepreneurship, and implement and improve the cultivation and support policies that encourage mass entrepreneurship, such as tax reduction and exemption, small loan guarantee, capital subsidy, and venue arrangement.Form a new mechanism that the government supports entrepreneurship, the society supports entrepreneurship, and the public is willing to start a business and dares to start a business.

　　Source: Qiushi

　　At present, the game between the United States and Russia is getting worse and worse, which has attracted worldwide attention. The United States and Russia are deadlocked on the Syrian issue. In addition, anti-missile, nuclear disarmament and cyber security in Ukraine and Eastern Europe have also become flashpoints between the two countries. As a result, Russian Foreign Minister Lavrov bluntly said that "the US-Russia relationship has undergone fundamental changes, and the United States has not only made anti-Russian remarks, but also taken aggressive actions that pose a threat to Russian security."

　　As Lavrov said, the relationship between the United States and Russia has indeed changed. Is this the beginning of the "new cold war"? Some analysts believe that US-Russian relations have indeed entered a "new historical trough", and the two sides have comprehensively torn apart in various fields. Some media believe that the game between the United States and Russia is more like a "nerve war" of mutual pressure, each testing the other’s bottom line, but always maintaining a state of "fighting without breaking".

　　The game between the United States and Russia is getting worse and worse.

　　Recently, Russia’s relations with the United States and other western countries have turned sharply. Due to the escalation of contradictions between the United States and Russia on the Syrian issue, the United States announced the termination of contacts with Russia on the Syrian issue. The two sides immediately launched infighting at all levels to closely safeguard their own interests.

　　On October 3, the United States announced that it would suspend negotiations with Russia on the Syrian ceasefire and shelve its military plan to jointly fight terrorists with Russia.

　　Then, Russia sent more troops to Syria, the Russian State Duma passed a resolution to turn the Tartus port base into a permanent naval base, and the Russian Federal Council also approved the Russian air and space forces to station in Syria indefinitely. The Russian aircraft carrier Kuznetsov even came to the eastern Mediterranean to help defend the Russian troops and Syrian government forces stationed in Syria.

　　United Nations confrontation

　　On October 8, when the United Nations Security Council voted on two draft resolutions on Syria, the draft jointly drafted by France and Spain was rejected by Russia, while the draft proposed by Russia was rejected by France, Britain and the United States. The confrontation at the United Nations made the contradiction between Russia and western countries more open, and Putin cancelled his visit to France in a rage.

　　In the face of the western siege, Putin made a "combination boxing" and tried to break through: reopening Cuba’s listening station, returning to Cam Ranh Bay in Vietnam (these two places were the front positions of confrontation between the former Soviet Union and the United States during the Cold War), and even deploying iskander missiles with nuclear warheads in Kaliningrad, an enclave between Lithuania and Poland.

　　Fight "cyber warfare"

　　Of course, the United States has not spared Russia, and it has fought a "war of words" with it in cyberspace.

　　The U.S. Department of Homeland Security and the Office of the Director of National Intelligence named and accused the Russian government of being involved in hacking activities with the intention of interfering in the U.S. election. On the 14th, US Vice President Biden confirmed the plan of "cyber war" against Russia to the American media, and this incident was even more noisy.

　　In response, Russian officials responded strongly, saying that the US’s "cyber war" against Russia is a state cyber terrorism act and a direct threat to Russia.

　　The new iron curtain began to return from the cold war?

　　"Is the Cold War back?" Some British media said that with the escalation of verbal threats and actions of the United States and Russia, a new iron curtain began to come, and the competition between the United States and Russia for geostrategic advantages increased rather than decreased, giving people the feeling of the cold war.

　　However, analysts pointed out that despite the all-round confrontation between the two sides, the two countries have not entered the "new cold war." With its current economic size, Russia is unable to confront the United States, what’s more, neither Russia nor the United States has the will to mobilize the strength of the whole country to start a new cold war. At the same time, there are many contradictions between western countries, and there is no one voice to the outside world, so it is impossible to form a confrontation between groups of countries during the Cold War.

　　The general consensus of analysts is that, as nuclear powers with equal strength, even in the most intense stage of confrontation in history, Russia and the United States will avoid direct armed conflicts caused by accidental fire.

　　The United States and Russia fought a "nerve war" and put pressure on each other to "fight without breaking"

　　Although it is unlikely to return to the cold war pattern, some media believe that the game between the United States and Russia is more like a "nerve war" of mutual pressure, and it has always maintained a state of "fighting without breaking".

　　Russia’s "Viewpoint" published a commentary on the 12th, arguing that Russia-US relations have repeatedly experienced high-intensity collisions, such as fierce confrontation after the Ukrainian crisis, but both sides can return to a relatively peaceful state every time after the collision. This continuous contest is actually a "nerve war" that exerts pressure on each other.

　　According to the recent confrontation between the two countries in various fields, including conflicts between the United States and Russia in other countries involving their own interests, diplomatic notes, war of words, sanctions and anti-sanctions, and freezing relations in a certain field, but at the same time maintaining relations in other equally important fields. In this game, the two sides no longer compete for ideological victory, but closely safeguard their respective sovereign interests. Because of this, the two sides can always maintain relative restraint and dare not talk about war easily. Therefore, some Russian media believe that the two sides should find a way to ease the relationship despite the intensity and high risk. (Editor: Xue Bili’s text is compiled from Xinhuanet and Workers’ Daily)

　　CCTV News:"Being an official is not the master for the people, it is better to go home and sell sweet potatoes", a ballad sung by generations, is well known. Officials should be for the people, but some people are not for the people. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, many "big tigers" have fallen off their horses one after another, which can be described as a great joy to the people, making the people clap their hands and applaud.

　　Looking at CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection’s bulletin, one kind of corrupt officials is very special: some of them "transformed" into state employees by secondment and exchange; Some of them forged their identities and falsified their ages, paving the way for promotion and wealth; Some of them have upgraded their academic qualifications and squeezed into the ranks of cadres to select and promote candidates … … .

　　The activities of fake officials "behind the scenes" are gradually becoming the talk of the people after dinner.

　　The Central Leading Group for Inspection Work dug up "five fake officials"-Lu Enguang

　　jangwong lo

　　Recently, the large-scale TV feature film "Patrol Sword" has been a hit. In the second episode, there is a very interesting content about the "five fake officials" Lu Enguang being "taken down" by the inspection team. How did he make a fake for himself as an official?

　　After investigation, Lu Enguang is a "five fake cadres" who lied about his age, academic qualifications, materials for joining the Party, work experience and family situation. More than 20 years of money to clear the way and fake officials have been restored step by step.

　　From 1997 to 2003, Lu Enguang’s career developed rapidly. During this period, he changed jobs every year and was promoted to grade six in six years. From the township to the county to the province to Beijing, from the deputy department level to the bureau level, the rocket speed is backed by money.

　　At the same time, the investigation team found that Lu Enguang’s joining the Party was also faked. In 1990, the application for joining the Party included the expression of learning the spirit of Deng Xiaoping’s southern tour speech, which took place in 1992. Obviously, the materials for joining the Party were forged or supplemented.

　　After discovering this major doubt, the inspection team conducted a more detailed check on all the files of Lu Enguang and found more suspicious details.

　　Academic fraud, in fact, he only finished high school intermittently before and after, and later diplomas were all obtained by buying, sending or mixing.

　　His age was also falsified, from 1958 to 1965, and he was 7 years younger, which made him have an age advantage in previous cadre selection.

　　The family situation is also seriously falsified. He has seven children, but only two of them have been reported. The other five children have settled in other relatives’ homes through fake procedures. According to Lu Enguang himself, "children are not allowed to call their father at home, but their uncle. He is afraid that the children will go out and shout away."

　　Although Lu Enguang is an extreme case, he not only reflects the great significance of strictly administering the Party in an all-round way, but also reflects the problems in the political life within the Party. Party and government leading cadres at all levels related to Lu Enguang’s case, including provincial and ministerial cadres, have been seriously held accountable for their dereliction of duty in managing the Party and the Party, warning all party member cadres to stick to the bottom line of discipline, keep clean and honest, and be qualified Communist party member.

　　Li Zhi, the first provincial and ministerial official to be informed of age fraud

　　"China Discipline Inspection and Supervision Newspaper" once published an article that the sword refers to file fraud. According to the article, looking at the problem of official file fraud in recent years, there are many people, including provincial and ministerial tigers who have fallen, as well as department-level cadres; There are various forms of fraud, some of which have been tampered with for up to 11 times, and some of which are false except for gender.

　　The big tiger at the provincial and ministerial level mentioned here refers to Li Zhi.

　　Li zhi

　　During the two sessions in March 2015, Li Zhi, the former deputy director of the Standing Committee of Xinjiang People’s Congress who had retired for two years, fell off the horse and became the "first tiger" in Xinjiang.

　　According to CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection’s report, Li Zhi seriously violated discipline, forged files and concealed his real age from the organization. It is worth noting that the phrase "falsifying files and concealing my real age from the organization" has not appeared in previous notifications. As a result, he became the first provincial and ministerial official to be informed of age fraud.

　　According to the public resume, Li Zhi was born in November 1950 in Lixin, Anhui Province, joined the work in December 1969, joined the party in March 1971, and holds a postgraduate degree. Since joining the work, Li Zhi has worked in Xinjiang for more than 40 years, in addition to his three-year study experience in Nanchong Normal University (now Xihua Normal University).

　　The accusation describes Li Zhi’s "criminal" experience in this way, from the chairman of Xinjiang Light Industry Co., Ltd. to the deputy director of the Standing Committee of the People’s Congress of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, involving six positions. Judging from his resume, he was involved in corruption at the end of last century, and he was greedy for almost 20 years, and he was also reused while being corrupt. More interestingly, he chose to hide his real age from the organization, because he didn’t want to leave early, and the longer he worked, the more chance he had to make money.

　　Li Zhi once said frankly: "I’m not perfect. I also have impatience, mistakes and unscientific problems. I give others the impression that I am a very decisive person. But in fact, when I made a decision, I was thinking repeatedly, walking on thin ice, and even timid. " But in the case of file fraud, I can’t see his "cowardice".　

　　Everything is false except gender-Wang Yali

　　Except for gender, all the articles mentioned in the above-mentioned China Discipline Inspection and Supervision Newspaper are false, which refers to Wang Yali, former deputy secretary of Shijiazhuang Municipal Committee of Hebei Communist Youth League.

　　Wang Yali (Image Source Network)

　　In January 2010, Wang Yali was arrested. The former deputy secretary of the Shijiazhuang Communist Youth League Committee was reported by the party for impersonating another daughter with the intention of encroaching on other people’s heritage, and his fake identity was exposed. The information in its archives is all false, and more than one third of the more than 90 official seals in the archives are false.

　　The Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and the Central Organization Department issued a joint circular disclosing that Wang Yali was illegally employed as a national cadre and joined the Party by fabricating false identity, cadre files and work experience. In July, 2002, Wang Yali fabricated his resume, entered the Road Maintenance Collection Office of Shijiazhuang Municipal Transportation Bureau as a "demobilized cadre", and worked as a deputy director in Luquan Development Zone by forging the qualification of a cadre at the official level. Later, he served as assistant director of Xibaipo Memorial Hall, secretary of the Party Committee of Luquan Development Zone and deputy secretary of Shijiazhuang Communist Youth League Committee until the incident occurred in May 2009.

　　Some media have disclosed such a detail. Shijiazhuang has stipulated that the proposed deputy secretary of the Communist Youth League Committee should be under 30 years old. Wang Yali did not get this position, so he had to change his age, which had been reduced by four years, to four years younger. But such a change, in her resume, she became a pharmacist in a large military hospital at the age of 12, which inevitably surprised careful people.

　　In Wang Yali’s "promotion", Businessman Wang Pan played a vital role. For a long time, Wang Yali was the "goddaughter" of Wang’s broken plate.

　　It was the so-called "person" who helped Wang Yali’s rapid promotion. Later, because he lost a huge amount of property and called the police, it was found that Wang Yali took the money, which eventually led to the breakdown of their "father-daughter" relationship.

　　In 2008, Wang Po-pan died, and Wang Yali, once a "goddaughter", attempted to occupy Wang’s property, but was reported by Wang’s daughter.

　　The battle for production lasted for more than two years, which eventually led to the inside story of Wang Yali forging his resume, defrauding his official position and grabbing other people’s property. In the meantime, the official business transactions and the infighting between officials and officials are thrilling.

　　Officials who fell off the horse because of "fraud":

　　In recent years, due to the shortcomings in the management of cadres’ files, it has occurred from time to time to modify the age, add or delete resumes, or "whitewash" the background materials as a whole. With the continuous strengthening of the comprehensive and strict administration of the party, a number of corrupt officials have fallen.

　　On October 14th, 2011, Shen Qinghua, then secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission of Linfen City, Shanxi Province, was dismissed by the Shanxi Provincial Party Committee because of being reported "file age".

　　In June 2012, Hejin City, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province held a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Municipal Party Committee. Xue Xinmin, who had revised his birth date 11 times and forged his academic qualifications, was removed from the post of director of the Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau of Hejin City.

　　In July, 2014, the Central Organization Department released Shanxi to investigate and deal with the file fraud case of Wang Hongying, former secretary general of Taiyuan Quality Inspection Association.

　　In January 2015, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region investigated and dealt with the case of Liu Tiejian, deputy director of the Forestry Social Insurance Center of the Forestry Department of the Autonomous Region.

　　In March 2015, Heilongjiang Province investigated and dealt with Meng Deyong, deputy director of China Merchants Bureau in Shuangcheng.

　　In March, 2015, Liaoning Province reported the case of Xia Ye, former deputy director of the Administrative Committee of Dawa Lingang Economic Zone in Panjin City, forging Party membership materials.

　　… …

　　The phenomenon of cadre fraud has not disappeared. Judging from the past cases, among the fallen cadres who have fraud problems, the forms of fraud are really varied. I believe there are similar "fake" cadres who will show their true colors one by one under the "sword" of the inspection team. In their position, party member cadres at all levels should strengthen self-discipline, improve their ruling ability, benefit one side of the people, and strive to become heroes of history rather than sinners of history. (Text/Zhao Yanling)

　　The website of the General Administration of Market Supervision reported on November 9 that in order to further implement the relevant requirements of the Opinions of the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council on Further Reducing the Homework Burden of Students in Compulsory Education and the Burden of Off-campus Training (hereinafter referred to as the "Double Reduction" document), the General Administration of Market Supervision, together with the Central Propaganda Department, the Central Network Information Office, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, and the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television, recently studied and issued the Notice on Doing a Good Job in the Control of

　　The "Notice" requires that relevant local departments should immediately carry out special actions under the unified leadership of the Party Committee and the government, strictly follow the requirements of relevant policy documents, do not distinguish between disciplines and non-disciplines, and concentrate their time and efforts on comprehensively investigating and cleaning up off-campus training advertisements, clearing up the stock and eliminating the increment. Immediately organize mainstream media and their new media, online platform enterprises, outdoor advertising space management units and other relevant market entities to carry out self-examination and rectification. Conduct joint interviews with key media, online platform enterprises, major off-campus training institutions and advertising companies, and strictly investigate and deal with false and illegal off-campus training advertisements, forming a high-pressure situation of supervision.

　　The "Notice" clarifies that the coordination between advertising management and control and the examination and approval management of off-campus training institutions should be strengthened, and the advertising activities of off-campus training institutions should be regarded as an important part of their relevant qualification management. Strengthen the coordination between advertising control and media management, strengthen the management of traditional media industry and Internet information management, implement relevant responsibilities, and effectively deal with issues such as publishing off-campus training advertisements in disguised form in the form of sections (columns) and soft texts. Strengthen the control of billboards and advertising spaces owned by state-owned enterprises and other units, and prevent billboards and advertising spaces owned by railways, subways, buses, state-owned factories and mines and bus stations from publishing off-campus training advertisements, thus forming an effective demonstration effect.

　　The "Notice" emphasizes that it is necessary to further improve the multi-sectoral joint management and control mechanism, give full play to the role of the special coordination mechanism for "double reduction" work, improve the management and control mechanisms such as information sharing, analysis and judgment, and joint response to key public opinions, strengthen credit supervision and guide industry self-discipline, and form cross-sectoral collaborative supervision. Relevant departments should support towns and streets to carry out the daily management of outdoor advertising, actively organize, support and guide community workers and volunteers to join the advertising control work, and give play to the effect of social co-governance.

　　The "Notice" requires that all localities should strengthen organizational leadership, formulate advertising control work plans, strengthen supervision and guidance, do a good job in publicity and guidance, strengthen policy propaganda and interpretation, eliminate misreading and misunderstanding, and alleviate anxiety.

　　It is understood that since the issuance of the "double reduction" document, the market supervision department has conscientiously implemented the spirit of the document, effectively intensified the investigation and punishment of false and illegal advertisements for off-campus training, and organized a nationwide campaign to "protect the healthy growth of young people — — Education and training advertising clean-up and rectification actions. " Up to now, 1,570 related illegal advertising cases have been investigated, with a fine of 30.6 million yuan.

In order to better meet the people’s multi-level and diversified medical security needs and further reduce the burden of medical expenses for serious and serious diseases, Heilongjiang Province’s first inclusive health supplementary medical insurance, which is connected with basic medical insurance, has been officially launched. This product is aimed at all basic medical insurance participants in the province, regardless of household registration, age, occupation, health status, etc.

After the release of "Longjiang Huimin Insurance", it caused widespread concern and heated discussion in society. Who can insure "Longjiang Huimin Insurance"? What guarantees can be provided? How to settle claims? Relevant departments will sort out the answers for the insured.

1. Who can be insured?

Anyone who has paid for the basic medical insurance in Heilongjiang Province and is insured (the basic medical insurance in Heilongjiang Province refers to the basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents and the basic medical insurance for urban workers, including Heilongjiang provincial medical insurance, railway workers’ medical insurance, forestry workers’ medical insurance, oilfield medical insurance and agricultural reclamation medical insurance, etc.) can be insured. Regardless of age, newborns and people over 100 can be insured. No limit to household registration, no matter where the household registration is and where you live, you can have basic medical insurance in Heilongjiang. Not limited to occupations, students, retirees and high-risk occupations can be insured. Regardless of health status, people with previous illnesses can be insured and paid.

2. What is the insured price?

"Longjiang Huimin Insurance" products are divided into "Pratt & Whitney Edition" and "Upgrade Edition". The price of "Pratt & Whitney Edition" is 3 million yuan per person per year in 99 yuan, with the highest medical insurance; The price of "upgraded version" is 4 million yuan per person per year in 150 yuan. As long as they are insured for the basic medical insurance in Heilongjiang Province, they can pay for themselves and their immediate family members (parents, spouses and children, etc.) who are also insured for the basic medical insurance in Heilongjiang Province. Employees who are insured by medical insurance can use their personal medical insurance accounts to buy "Longjiang Huimin Insurance" for themselves or their spouses, parents and children who participate in the basic medical insurance in the province.

3. How to insure?

The insured persons of basic medical insurance in Heilongjiang Province can be insured in the following ways. Online channel: WeChat search for the official designated insurance platform "Longjiang Huimin Insurance" WeChat WeChat official account, and click "Insurance Entrance" on the bottom menu bar to insure; Search for "Longjiang Huimin Insurance" online insurance through Alipay; Search "Longjiang Huimin Insurance" for online insurance through Tik Tok.

Offline channels: China Life Insurance Co., Ltd. Heilongjiang Branch, China People’s Property Insurance Co., Ltd. Heilongjiang Branch, China Ping An Property Insurance Co., Ltd. Heilongjiang Branch, China Pacific Property Insurance Co., Ltd. Heilongjiang Branch, Sunshine Agricultural Mutual Insurance Company Heilongjiang Branch, Taiping Endowment Insurance Co., Ltd. Heilongjiang Branch, a total of six co-insurance companies offline sales channels.

4. When will the insurance take effect?

The insurance period is from September 20, 2022 to December 20, 2022, and the insured can enjoy the treatment guarantee from January 1, 2023 to December 31, 2023 without waiting period.

5. What are the guarantees for "Longjiang Huimin Insurance"?

Puhui edition99 yuan is guaranteed for one year, with a maximum of 3 million medical insurance. The guarantee responsibility includes: the hospitalization medical expenses in the basic medical insurance catalogue, the maximum guarantee is 1 million yuan, the annual deductible is 12,000 yuan, and the compensation ratio is 70%; The maximum medical expenses for hospitalization outside the basic medical insurance catalogue is 1 million yuan, the annual deductible is 22,000 yuan, and the compensation ratio is 50%; 34 kinds of domestic specific medical equipment expenses, the maximum guarantee is 800,000 yuan, the annual deductible is 22,000 yuan, and the compensation ratio is 70%; The expenses of specific drugs for six rare diseases are guaranteed at a maximum of 200,000 yuan, with an annual deductible of 22,000 yuan and a compensation ratio of 70%.

upgraded version150 yuan is guaranteed for one year, with a maximum of 4 million medical insurance. The guarantee responsibility includes: the hospitalization medical expenses in the basic medical insurance catalogue, the maximum guarantee is 1 million yuan, the annual deductible is 12,000 yuan, and the compensation ratio is 90%; The maximum medical expenses for hospitalization outside the basic medical insurance catalogue is 1 million yuan, the annual deductible is 22,000 yuan, and the compensation ratio is 70%; 34 kinds of domestic specific medical equipment expenses, the maximum guarantee is 800,000 yuan, the annual deductible is 12,000 yuan, and the compensation ratio is 70%; The expenses of specific drugs for six kinds of rare diseases are guaranteed at a maximum of 200,000 yuan, with an annual deductible of 12,000 yuan and a compensation ratio of 70%. The expenses of two kinds of CAR-T drugs are guaranteed at a maximum of 1 million yuan and the reimbursement ratio is 100%.

6. Does the previous medical history have an impact on insurance?

Past medical history, as the name implies, means that the insured has a past medical history. In the past, commercial health insurance generally did not allow people with past medical history to take out insurance, or even if people with past medical history were allowed to take out insurance, the related expenses of past medical history would not be paid. "Longjiang Huimin Insurance" breaks the restriction of past medical history. People with past medical history can not only be insured, but also the related expenses can be paid according to the agreed proportion.

Identification of people with previous diseases:

[1] Definition of the people with past illness who are responsible for hospitalization medical expenses: people who have suffered from four major past illnesses before the effective date of the policy.

Four major past diseases: (1) tumor: malignant tumor (including leukemia and lymphoma); (2) Liver and kidney diseases: renal insufficiency; Cirrhosis, liver dysfunction; (3) Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and glycolipid metabolic diseases: ischemic heart disease (including coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction) and chronic cardiac insufficiency (cardiac function grade III and above); Cerebrovascular diseases (cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage); Grade Ⅲ hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥180mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 110mmhg without medication); Diabetes with complications [refers to insulin-dependent diabetes (type I diabetes) or type II diabetes with local complications (including heart, kidney, cerebrovascular, retina and peripheral vascular diseases)]; (4) Lung diseases: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic respiratory failure.

[2] Definition of people with previous diseases of special drug liability: people who suffered from one or more adaptive diseases in the list of all special drugs of this product before insurance.

7. How to apply for a claim?

"Longjiang Huimin Insurance" and the basic medical insurance will be settled in a "one-stop" way, and there is no need to prepare materials and report the case. The expenses that meet the scope of protection will be settled directly after the reimbursement of the basic medical insurance, reducing the burden of the insured people on running errands. For special reasons, the insured who fails to pass the "one-stop" settlement of claims can apply for claims online by logging in to "Longjiang Huimin Insurance" WeChat WeChat official account.

8. How to find paid/pending orders?

Pay attention to "Longjiang Huimin Insurance" WeChat official account —— Click Personal Center —— Order Inquiry —— Click the Order Inquiry button in the lower right corner —— Enter the relevant information of the payer/insured to view the order. (Order payment/withdrawal can only be accessed through payer information)

9. How to check your medical insurance participation status?

Pay attention to "Longjiang Medical Insurance" in WeChat official account —— View in the service hall.

10. How to deal with the prompt "Your mobile phone number registration information does not match the payer" in the order payment link?

Guide customers to use cash payment for insurance. If customers don’t approve the cash payment method, guide the payer to download the corresponding mobile phone business hall App, and click personal information to see if it is consistent with the payer information filled in the order (name+ID number+mobile phone number must be consistent). If not, guide customers to the offline business hall to modify their personal information and wait for 3-7 working days to re-insure; If the information is consistent, provide a screenshot of the mobile phone business hall information for review.

11. In addition to provincial and municipal employees, do other employees, such as forestry workers, railways, agricultural reclamation, retired and retired personnel, also support insured identity verification and individual account payment?

At present, everyone can participate in the insurance except the farmers. The insurance entrance for agricultural reclamation personnel will be opened soon, so please look forward to it.

12. There was no medical insurance in 2022. Now I buy medical insurance in 2023. Can Huimin Insurance be purchased?

Can be purchased.

13. How to calculate the reimbursement rate for medical treatment in different places?

(1) For the medical expenses that fall within the scope of this insurance after the insured has gone through the basic medical insurance referral outside the province or has an emergency treatment in another place, and has been treated in a designated medical institution outside the province (only in the designated hospitals of secondary and above basic medical insurance in Chinese mainland), the proportion of compensation agreed upon in each responsibility shall be reduced by 10 percentage points accordingly (the former patients shall be reduced by 5 percentage points).

(2) If the insured is not in emergency or fails to go through the off-site referral and transfer according to the regulations, he will go to a designated medical institution outside the province for medical treatment, and the medical expenses that fall within the scope of this insurance after settlement by the basic medical insurance will be paid according to the agreed compensation ratio of each responsibility by 20 percentage points (10 percentage points for people with previous diseases).

14. Can I insure my parents-in-law?

Can be insured for people with insurable interests, and the applicant has insurable interests for the following people: himself; Spouse, children, parents; Other family members and close relatives who have the relationship of support, maintenance or maintenance; Workers who have labor relations with the insured; The insured agrees that the applicant will conclude a contract for him.

15. Can I insure offline?

At present, there is no offline method for personal insurance, and only orders can be placed through "Longjiang Huimin Insurance" WeChat WeChat official account online. If you are inconvenient to operate, it is recommended that your relatives help you to insure, or you can contact the sales staff of various insurance companies to assist in the operation of insurance.

16. How to calculate the deductible?

During the insurance period, the deductible is accumulated annually. For Pratt & Whitney products, the domestic expenses for specific medicines and equipment and the expenses for specific medicines for rare diseases share a deductible, while for upgraded products, the domestic expenses for specific medicines and equipment and the expenses for specific medicines abroad share a deductible, and the deductibles for other responsibilities are calculated separately. (Harbin Daily reporter Yu Yongzhen)