Mass entrepreneurship and innovation are strategic choices under the situation of "three phases" of China’s economic and social development, which is not only a major reform measure to fully stimulate the wisdom and creativity of hundreds of millions of people, but also an important way to achieve national prosperity and people’s prosperity; It is not only a scientific choice to improve the efficiency of spatial and temporal redistribution of production factors, but also an inevitable choice for people to move from an economic power to an economic power. However, mass entrepreneurship is a systematic project. To set off a wave of mass entrepreneurship in the whole society, we need to have and solve the following four key factors:
One is the human factor. To form the situation of mass entrepreneurship, people, as the main body of entrepreneurship, must meet two conditions: they must have a strong entrepreneurial will; Have enough entrepreneurial ability. The stimulation of entrepreneurial will needs to form a strong cultural atmosphere of entrepreneurship and innovation in the whole society, respect innovation, advocate entrepreneurship, respect talents, protect the rights and interests of talents, and tolerate entrepreneurial failure. Encourage people to stress morality, value honesty, abide by the rule of law, and abide by contracts, so that innovation and entrepreneurship will become a common way of life, and the public will pay attention to entrepreneurship, think about entrepreneurship and be willing to practice entrepreneurship. It is necessary to increase publicity and recognition of typical entrepreneurship and give play to the role of demonstration. Moreover, the cultivation of entrepreneurial ability needs to start with education, change from exam-oriented education to quality education, strengthen employment guidance and entrepreneurship education for college graduates, implement the college students’ entrepreneurship leading plan, and support college graduates to start businesses in emerging industries. Governments at all levels should encourage and support the development of entrepreneurship counseling and training institutions, so that more willing entrepreneurs can improve their entrepreneurial ability and their chances of success.
The second is the factor of capital. Mass entrepreneurship, especially "grassroots entrepreneurship", is often based on self-owned funds or raising funds from relatives and friends, but the risk of entrepreneurship is relatively high. Once entrepreneurship fails, entrepreneurs and their families will fall into life difficulties. Therefore, whether the external financing channels of venture capital are smooth has become the key factor for the formation of mass entrepreneurship wave. First of all, the government can set up a "venture fund for mass entrepreneurship" to ensure the continuous chain of funds for the follow-up development of entrepreneurship, and to really help the horse, it is necessary to send a ride. This year, the state plans to allocate 40 billion yuan to guide the start-up of emerging industries. How to manage and improve the efficiency of the use of funds is worthy of our consideration. Second, carry out financial structure reform. The existing financial structure tends to be higher and heavier. It is suggested that a part of the financial structure should be dedicated to serving entrepreneurs. For example, more standardized small and medium-sized banks can be established to serve entrepreneurs. Large funds managed by the state should increase the proportion of investment in innovation and entrepreneurship. In addition, entrepreneurs should be encouraged and supported to adopt equity financing, so as to make social funds flow from virtual economy to real economy.
The third is the factor of entrepreneurial opportunities. The search and grasp of entrepreneurial opportunities depends on the ability of entrepreneurs to search and recognize entrepreneurial information and opportunities, and on the supply ability of government entrepreneurial opportunities. From the government’s point of view, there are at least four aspects to be done: First, increase the publicity and interpretation of the existing innovation and entrepreneurship policies, so that entrepreneurs can learn more about the cultivation and support that innovation and entrepreneurship can obtain, and enhance the chances and confidence of entrepreneurial success. Second, the key to opening up the channel of transformation of scientific and technological achievements is to speed up the reform of the use and disposal of scientific and technological achievements and revenue management, so that scientific and technological personnel are willing to innovate, start businesses and transform, encourage all kinds of innovations, directly use them for entrepreneurship, participate in entrepreneurship through cooperation, and promote entrepreneurship through transfer. Innovation will inevitably lead to mass entrepreneurship. Third, create a fair and orderly market environment, change more "preferential" policies into "inclusive" policies, break some industry monopolies, reduce market access, and cancel unnecessary industry restrictions. For the innovation of some new formats and business models, we should give legal protection, protect, standardize and supervise them, promote fair competition and maintain market order. Fourth, accelerate social innovation, guide and support the establishment of social enterprises, realize cross-border cooperation among the government, enterprises, non-profit organizations and the media, solve social problems such as youth education, old-age care, women’s employment difficulties, and safeguarding the human rights of the disabled, and provide more channels and opportunities for mass entrepreneurship.
The fourth is the policy system factor. Policy system is the condition and guarantee factor of mass entrepreneurship, so it is necessary to create conditions and environment for mass entrepreneurship, and clear the obstacles to entrepreneurship instead of setting obstacles. First, the government decentralizes profits to do "subtraction", promotes decentralization, simplifies administrative examination and approval procedures, and promotes the facilitation of investment and entrepreneurship. Second, formulate a classified and guided entrepreneurship policy system. At present, the concepts of innovation and entrepreneurship are usually blurred. In fact, even innovation is not the same as high-tech industry. Innovation also includes technological innovation, management innovation, model innovation, format innovation, market innovation, etc. At present, policy support or capital supply tend to be innovative and entrepreneurial in high-tech industries, while ignoring other industries and groups. Mass entrepreneurship is mostly "grass-roots" entrepreneurship, lacking high-tech support, and mostly related to traditional industries. However, these entrepreneurship may involve innovation in business format and mode, especially the application of "internet plus". Similar entrepreneurship has important contributions and significance for increasing employment and expanding domestic demand. Therefore, formulating a classified and guided entrepreneurship policy system can better stimulate the enthusiasm of mass entrepreneurship. Third, further promote the reform of financing system, taxation and circulation system, increase entrepreneurial opportunities in service industries, and provide convenient conditions for entrepreneurship in other industries. Improve the construction of legal environment, strengthen supervision after the event, punish illegal acts according to law, protect intellectual property rights, and establish a market environment of honest operation and fair competition. Further improve the policy system that is conducive to mass entrepreneurship, and implement and improve the cultivation and support policies that encourage mass entrepreneurship, such as tax reduction and exemption, small loan guarantee, capital subsidy, and venue arrangement.Form a new mechanism that the government supports entrepreneurship, the society supports entrepreneurship, and the public is willing to start a business and dares to start a business.
Source: Qiushi
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