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ScreenX＂ ＂Black Technology＂ Pro-test Report： What Experience of Three-screen 270-degree Watching？

(This article was first published in "Movie Rising Potential", welcome WeChat to search filmmore for attention)


　 1905 movie network exclusive feature In the screening of "Fast Shooter day trader" (hereinafter referred to as "day trader") on July 18th, Zi Shijun was surprised to find that you have one and only one choice to watch "day trader" in INDIGO store of CGV Studios, and that is the ScreenX field.

　 What is the "black" technology of ScreenX? I believe it is quite strange to many people. In fact, as early as March this year, Zi Shijun once revealed past lives, who showed new technology in this cinema (click here to review). To put it simply, it is to use the multi-faceted projection technology to project the film images to the left and right walls of the cinema, and then bring the audience a 270-degree ultra-wide-angle immersive viewing experience.

　 At the end of last year, "Searching for Dragons" was the first movie in China to eat crabs. At that time, the pre-sale was quite popular. Take the opening of Dalian Wanda Studios as an example, the average attendance rate of the film on the first Saturday was as high as 95.2%.

　 On July 15th, the ScreenX version of day trader, a fast shooter, was released for 70 minutes, the longest in history. Wei Cheng, which was released in August, is the first time to introduce ScreenX 3D into China movies.

　 How to unlock this new ScreenX viewing posture, which is called "three screens combined" and "270-degree viewing"? Zi Shijun made a special trip to interview Jin Tailong, general manager of 4DPLEX China, which is responsible for the business development of ScreenX under CJ CGV of South Korea, and Jin Shiquan, director of ScreenX of Fast Shooter day trader, to hear what they said:

[What did the ScreenX version of day trader say? 】

ScreenX’s special offer: a big scene near the scene, narrative "wheel array"

　 What kind of experience is it to watch "day trader the Fast Gunner" in the ScreenX Hall? Let’s start with the "X" in ScreenX:

Jin Tailong, General Manager of 4DPLEX China

　 In Jin Tailong’s understanding, "X" has three meanings. One is "Expand", which breaks through the boundaries of traditional screens and realizes the extension of space and vision; Second, "Express" (expression), the expansion of space, provides more space and possibilities for the innovation of film narration and expression. The third is "Experience", and the images surrounded on three sides give the audience a brand-new immersive viewing experience.

　 In "Fast Shooter day trader", ScreenX images are widely used in the desert scene in vast expanse, and the golden desert in Kazakhstan stretches out on the 270-degree screen of ScreenX, which makes the audience feel more immersive and makes the scenes of car chasing, fighting and explosion on it more thrilling and shocking.

　 In addition to the immersive viewing experience brought by the panoramic extension effect, another major feature of ScreenX is the use of side screens to increase the richness of narrative. As Paul Kim, the production director of CGV LA office, mentioned, "ScreenX is not only a technology, it should not exist without the narrative of the film, but should be part of the story."

Left: ScreenX director Jin Shiquan, Fast Shooter day trader, right: Lao Feizhai, one of the authors of this article.

　 Paying attention to the combination with the film story is also one of the reasons why the ScreenX version has not covered the whole film so far. "Compared with the ScreenX version that runs through the whole film, it is better to enter a paragraph, leave a paragraph, and combine it with the plot, so the effect is better," Jin Shiquan said.

　 In the ScreenX version of day trader, the Fast Gunner, three screens are often used to show different contents, characters or perspectives. For example, the screens on both sides are used to show the memory world or "brain hole" world of the main screen characters, or the side screens are displayed synchronously in the form of maps when the main screen hero plans to win the treasure. In the scene of multi-person dialogue, three screens can take turns to show the perspective of different characters, which makes the story more substantial and the expression more flexible. The above can be said to be the exclusive resources of ScreenX Hall, which can’t be seen on the single screen of other halls.

ScreenX stills of day trader

　 Jin Shiquan revealed to Zi Shijun that most of the ScreenX visual effects in day trader need to be realized through later transformation. If the production of ScreenX can be taken into account in the shooting stage in the future, the sense of immersion will be greatly enhanced.

　 In addition, Jin Shiquan believes that ScreenX has no specific type requirements or preferences in film selection. "People may think that ScreenX gives priority to blockbusters or action movies, but this is only one aspect. ScreenX is actually more interested in the integration with the scene, hoping to have more emotional integration, and will give priority to such films or clips, "Jin Shiquan said.

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Reading： How to contact the rider on the US Mission How to contact the rider on the US Mission How to contact the rider on the US Mission How to contact the rider

　　　　　　How to contact the rider on the beauty tour? Meituan take-out has changed the living habits of contemporary people, so that everyone can eat delicious food anytime and anywhere. When it comes to delivery, riders are definitely needed. Sometimes, if you want to contact each other when the meal is delivered overtime, how can you contact them? The following small series teaches you the method steps, let’s take a look.

　　　 　　　How to contact the rider on the US Mission? The US Mission contacted the rider.

　　　　　　1. Open and log in to Meituan App.

　　　　　　2. Click to switch to [My] and select [My Order].

　　　　　　3. Select an order that needs to contact the delivery personnel.

　　　　　　4. Click on the phone icon behind the contact delivery personnel.

　　　　　　6. Click [Continue Call].

　　　　　　The above is the way for the US delegation to contact the rider. More exciting tutorials are in the IT Encyclopedia!

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Press conference on the outline of the ＂14 th Five-Year Plan＂

On March 25th, the Information Office of the provincial government held a press conference to release the Outline of the 14th Five-year Plan for National Economic and Social Development in Hunan Province and the Long-term Objectives for the Year 2035 (hereinafter referred to as the Outline).

This is the first five-year plan for our province to start a new journey of modernization, and it is the action program for the common struggle of Hunan people. How to draft and compile the Outline? How to describe Hunan’s "14th Five-Year Plan"? Zhou Haibing, Party Secretary of the Provincial Development and Reform Commission, introduced the relevant situation.

Compilation of scientific democracy: nearly 110,000 words, lasting 22 months, involving 33 departments.

The "Outline" was officially started in April 2019 and completed in one year and ten months. It consists of 10 articles, 39 chapters and 128 sections, with more than 190 pages and nearly 110,000 words. "Gather people’s wisdom and consensus to ensure the establishment of scientific democracy." Zhou Haibing said.

The provincial party committee and government attached great importance to the preparation of the 14th Five-Year Plan, and set up a leading group for the coordination of the preparation of the 14th Five-Year Plan, in which 33 departments participated. The Standing Committee of the Provincial Party Committee, the Party Committee of the provincial government and the Standing Committee of the provincial government will include the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan" as an important topic.

Xu Dazhe, secretary of the provincial party committee, made many special studies, and made the general requirements of "adhering to political guidance, strategic orientation, strengthening strategic thinking, maintaining strategic strength, and strengthening strategic coordination to ensure the preparation of a high-quality plan that implements the central government’s deployment, conforms to Hunan’s reality, reflects people’s expectations, and leads future development".

Governor Mao Weiming presided over a series of symposiums for deputies, academicians, experts, entrepreneurs, provincial veteran comrades, democratic parties, federations of industry and commerce, personages without party affiliation and city governors, and fully listened to opinions and suggestions.

The compilation of the "Outline" always pays attention to the unification of strengthening the top-level design and insisting on asking questions for the people, and promoting the compilation of the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan" is in line with the people’s thoughts and expectations.

The provincial government has set up a "14th Five-Year Plan" expert committee composed of 41 experts to carry out consultation and demonstration. The provincial government portal, the provincial development and Reform Commission portal and WeChat WeChat official account set up columns to carry out planning suggestions and suggestions, and solicit opinions from all walks of life through multiple channels.

Focusing on the key areas and links of economic and social development, the provincial development and reform commission has formed 35 major topics and preliminary research results such as the "Basic Ideas" for the development of the 14 th Five-Year Plan, and actively planned major reforms, major policies and major engineering projects in the 14 th Five-Year Plan. Docking with a number of provincial departments and bureaus, covering 14 cities and States to investigate and listen to opinions and suggestions.

In January this year, the provincial "14 th Five-Year Plan" expert Committee reviewed and demonstrated the Outline. Feedback and suggestions from all sides will be fully absorbed by improving the text of the Outline, including major projects and deepening special planning, so as to ensure that the Outline truly gathers people’s wisdom, accepts people’s opinions and gathers people’s hearts.

Start a new journey: focus on building "eight modern new Hunan" and strive to achieve seven "more"

The "14th Five-Year Plan" period is the beginning of building socialist modernization in an all-round way. The development of our province faces both great historical opportunities and many risk challenges. How to ensure a good start in the construction of a modern new Hunan? The "Outline" seeks the overall situation and draws a path, and proposes to focus on building "eight modern new Hunan".

Implement the strategy of "three highs and four innovations" and focus on building a modern new Hunan supported by "three highlands". Gather strength to build an important national advanced manufacturing highland, a scientific and technological innovation highland with core competitiveness, and a highland for reform and opening up in inland areas.

Focus on building a modern new Hunan with coordinated regional development. Based on the whole country, Hunan will be built into a strategic cooperation zone in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, an efficient economic belt with close cooperation in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, an important growth pole for the rise of the central region, and a two-way channel for land and sea economic exchanges in the west; Based on the whole province, promote the formation of "one core, two pairs, three belts and four districts" pattern; Enlarge and strengthen the modern metropolitan area of Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan, and optimize the formation of a new urban pattern of "one circle, one group and many points".

Focus on building a modern new Hunan that is fully integrated into the new development pattern. Build a smooth and efficient market system, grasp investment and promote consumption, and make our province an important node of the domestic big cycle and the domestic and international double cycle. Coordinate the construction of new and traditional infrastructure and create "five networks"-comprehensive transportation network, energy security network, water security network, logistics transportation network and new infrastructure.

Focus on building a modern new Hunan with rural revitalization. Carry out the "Six Strong Agriculture" action, promote the safety project of grain and seed industry, build a modern agricultural industrial system, production system and management system, and accelerate the leap from a large agricultural province to a strong agricultural province. We will carry out rural construction, deepen the reform of rural land system and collective property right system, increase the investment in agriculture, rural areas and farmers, realize the effective connection between consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization, and build beautiful countryside.

Focus on building a modern new Hunan where man and nature coexist harmoniously. Adhere to the principle of "joint protection and no development", put the restoration of the ecological environment of the Yangtze River in an overwhelming position, unremittingly fight the tough battle against water, gas and soil pollution, and protect "one river, one lake and four waters". Coordinate the management of lake and grass system in landscape forest fields and strengthen the construction of ecological functional areas. Implement the national action plan for carbon emission peaking, and comprehensively advocate green production methods and lifestyles. Deepen the reform of ecological civilization system, establish a mechanism to realize the value of ecological products, and build a beautiful Hunan.

Focus on building a modern new Hunan with an all-round improvement in people’s livelihood and well-being. Adhere to the people as the center, plan and implement a number of key livelihood projects around strengthening employment and entrepreneurship, promoting education modernization, building a healthy Hunan, improving social security, promoting balanced population development, and improving residents’ income level, and strive to solve the problem of people’s "urgent difficulties and worries".

Focus on building a modern new Hunan with cultural integrity and innovation. Culture is Hunan’s business card. The Outline adheres to the guidance of cultural integrity and innovation and the guidance of advanced socialist culture, promotes red culture and excellent Huxiang culture, improves social civilization, prospers cultural undertakings, expands cultural industries, builds a global tourism base, further enhances the soft power and influence of Huxiang culture, and accelerates the construction of a strong cultural province.

Focus on building a modern new Hunan with social security. We will comprehensively promote governance according to law, comprehensively strengthen social governance, comprehensively guarantee security and stability, and comprehensively improve emergency response capabilities. We will make safe development run through all areas and the whole process of the province’s development, transform institutional advantages into quality and efficiency to promote the province’s high-quality development, and build a higher level of safe Hunan.

The "Outline" defines the main goal of building a modern new Hunan. By 2025, Hunan will strive to achieve seven "more"-better economic results, stronger innovation ability, deeper reform and opening up, higher civilization, more beautiful ecological environment, better quality of life and better governance efficiency; By 2035, it is necessary to basically build a strong economic province, a strong science and education province, a strong cultural province, an open province and a healthy Hunan, basically realize the beautiful vision of a rich, beautiful and happy new Hunan and basically realize socialist modernization.

It has both the characteristics of the times and Hunan: standing high, observing the general trend, and focusing on "six manifestations"

The Outline is a strategic map, which guides Hunan to take advantage of the situation to start a new journey of building socialist modernization in an all-round way and March towards the goal of the second century. Zhou Haibing said that the "Outline" takes a high position and looks at the general trend, fully demonstrating the characteristics of the times and Hunan characteristics.

The "Outline" embodies the characteristics of the times in the new stage of development. The spirit of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee and the spirit of the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader’s inspection of Hunan’s important speech run through the whole chapter and process of the "Outline". Carefully compare the "Proposal" of the provincial party committee, and implement the major tasks, major initiatives and major actions specified in the "Proposal".

Reflecting the regional orientation in the new development pattern, the "Outline" insists on highlighting Hunan’s regional advantages in integrating into the "two cycles", based on "One Belt and One Department", docking the national regional strategy, making overall plans for regional layout, and showing new responsibilities in promoting the rise of the central region and the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

Reflect the forging long board in the development of high quality, make up the short board, adhere to the priority development of advantageous areas and advantageous fields, gather together to create "three highlands" and give full play to Hunan’s advantages; Adhere to the problem orientation, focus on solving the problem of insufficient imbalance, and continue to fill the shortcomings.

Reflect the inherent requirements of the new development concept, adhere to the system concept in accordance with the five development concepts of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing, and strive to organically unify the development speed, quality, efficiency and safety.

Reflect the main support for economic stability and progress, take the real economy and new urbanization as the two major supports for the development of our province during the 14 th Five-Year Plan, tap the development potential in depth and form new growth points.

Reflect the public interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, effectively solve the employment, education, medical care, old-age care, social security, emergency, security and other issues that the people are concerned about, solidly promote common prosperity, and continuously enhance the people’s sense of acquisition, happiness and security.

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Operation of China Purchasing Managers Index in December 2019

Operation of China Purchasing Managers Index in December 2019
National bureau of statistics service industry survey center
china federation of logistics & purchasing

I. Operation of Purchasing Managers Index of China Manufacturing Industry

In December 2019, the Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) of China’s manufacturing industry was 50.2%, which was the same as last month.

In terms of enterprise scale, the PMI of large enterprises was 50.6%, down 0.3 percentage points from last month, and that of medium-sized enterprises was 51.4%, up 1.9 percentage points from last month. The PMI of large and medium-sized enterprises was above the critical point. The PMI of small enterprises was 47.2%, down 2.2 percentage points from last month, which was below the critical point.

From the classification index, among the five classification indexes that constitute the manufacturing PMI, the production index, new order index and supplier delivery time index are higher than the critical point, while the raw material inventory index and employee index are lower than the critical point.

The production index was 53.2%, up 0.6 percentage points from last month, and remained above the critical point, indicating that the production expansion of manufacturing enterprises continued to accelerate.

The new order index was 51.2%, down 0.1 percentage point from last month and above the critical point for two consecutive months, indicating that the manufacturing market demand continued to grow.

The raw material inventory index was 47.2%, down 0.6 percentage points from last month, which was below the critical point, indicating that the inventory of major raw materials in manufacturing industry decreased.

The employee index was 47.3%, which was the same as last month, indicating that the employment boom of manufacturing enterprises was stable.

The delivery time index of suppliers was 51.1%, up 0.6 percentage points from last month, which was above the critical point, indicating that the delivery time of raw material suppliers in manufacturing industry was accelerated.

II. Operation of Purchasing Managers Index for Non-manufacturing Industries in China

In December 2019, the non-manufacturing business activity index was 53.5%, down 0.9 percentage points from the previous month, indicating that the non-manufacturing industry maintained an overall expansion trend and its growth rate slowed down.

By industry, the business activity index of service industry was 53.0%, down 0.5 percentage points from last month. From the perspective of industry categories, the business activity index of railway transportation, accommodation, telecommunications, radio and television and satellite transmission services, Internet software information technology services, financial services, leasing and business services industries is above 55.0%, and business activities are relatively active; The business activity index of wholesale industry, real estate industry and other industries is located in the contraction range. The business activity index of the construction industry was 56.7%, down 2.9 percentage points from last month, and maintained a high level of prosperity.

The new order index was 50.4%, down 0.9 percentage points from last month and above the critical point. In terms of industries, the new order index of service industry was 50.0%, down 0.5 percentage points from last month; The new order index of the construction industry was 52.9%, down 3.1 percentage points from last month.

The input price index was 52.4%, down 0.8 percentage points from last month, which was above the critical point, indicating that the overall increase of input prices used by non-manufacturing enterprises for business activities narrowed. In terms of industries, the price index of service inputs was 52.3%, down 0.3 percentage points from last month; The price index of construction inputs was 53.0%, down 3.3 percentage points from last month.

The sales price index was 50.3%, which was 1.0 percentage points lower than that of last month, but it was still above the critical point, indicating that the overall sales price level of non-manufacturing industries increased slightly compared with last month. In terms of industries, the sales price index of service industry was 49.9%, down 1.2 percentage points from last month; The sales price index of the construction industry was 52.2%, down 0.4 percentage points from last month.

The employee index was 48.3%, down 0.7 percentage points from last month, which was below the critical point. In terms of industries, the index of service industry employees was 47.9%, a slight increase of 0.1 percentage points over the previous month; The index of employees in the construction industry was 50.7%, down 4.8 percentage points from last month.

The expected index of business activities is 59.1%, which is 1.9 percentage points lower than that of last month, but it is still in a high boom zone, indicating that non-manufacturing enterprises are more optimistic about the future market development. In terms of industries, the expected index of service business activities was 59.1%, down 1.5 percentage points from last month; The expected index of business activities in the construction industry was 59.2%, down 3.9 percentage points from last month.

Third, the operation of China’s comprehensive PMI output index

In December 2019, the comprehensive PMI output index was 53.4%, down 0.3 percentage points from the previous month, and remained above the critical point, indicating that the production and operation activities of Chinese enterprises maintained an overall expansion trend.

annotations

1. Interpretation of main indicators

Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) is an index compiled through the statistical summary of the monthly survey results of purchasing managers of enterprises. It covers all aspects of purchasing, production and circulation of enterprises, including manufacturing and non-manufacturing fields. It is one of the leading indexes used internationally to monitor macroeconomic trends and has strong forecasting and early warning functions. The comprehensive PMI output index is a comprehensive index that reflects the output changes of the whole industry (manufacturing and non-manufacturing) in the current PMI index system. PMI usually takes 50% as the dividing point of economic strength, and when PMI is higher than 50%, it reflects the overall economic expansion; Below 50%, it reflects the overall economic contraction.

2. Scope of investigation

It involves 31 industry categories and 3,000 survey samples in the National Economic Industry Classification (GB/T4754-2017); There are 37 major categories of non-manufacturing industries and 4000 survey samples.

3. Investigation methods

The purchasing manager adopts PPS (Probability Proportional to Size) sampling method, taking manufacturing or non-manufacturing industries as the layer, and the sample size of industries is distributed according to the proportion of their added value to the total added value of manufacturing or non-manufacturing, and the samples in the layer are extracted with the probability proportional to the main business income of the enterprise.

This survey was specifically organized and implemented by the investigation team directly under the National Bureau of Statistics, and a monthly questionnaire survey was conducted on the purchasing managers of enterprises by using the national statistical network direct reporting system.

4. Calculation method

(1) Calculation method of classification index. The survey index system of purchasing managers in manufacturing industry includes 13 sub-indexes, such as production, new orders, new export orders, orders in hand, finished goods inventory, purchase volume, import, purchase price of main raw materials, ex-factory price, raw material inventory, employees, supplier delivery time, production and business activities expectation, etc. The survey index system of purchasing managers in non-manufacturing industry includes 10 sub-indexes, such as business activities, new orders, new export orders, orders in hand, inventory, input prices, sales prices, employees, supplier delivery time and business activity expectations. The classification index adopts the diffusion index calculation method, that is, the percentage of enterprises that answer positively plus half of the percentage that answers unchanged. Because there is no composite index for non-manufacturing industries, the international business activity index is usually used to reflect the overall changes of non-manufacturing economic development.

(2) The calculation method of manufacturing PMI index. Manufacturing PMI is weighted by five diffusion indices (classification indices). The five classification indexes and their weights are determined according to their leading influence on the economy. Specifically, it includes: new order index with a weight of 30%; Production index with a weight of 25%; Employee index, with a weight of 20%; Supplier delivery time index with a weight of 15%; Raw material inventory index, with a weight of 10%. Among them, the supplier delivery time index is an inverse index, which is inversely calculated when synthesizing the manufacturing PMI index.

(3) Calculation method of comprehensive PMI output index. The comprehensive PMI output index is a weighted sum of manufacturing production index and non-manufacturing business activity index, and the weights are the proportion of manufacturing and non-manufacturing to GDP respectively.

5. Seasonal adjustment

Purchasing manager survey is a monthly survey, which is influenced by seasonal factors and the data fluctuates greatly. The published indexes are all seasonally adjusted data.

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Global acceleration of ＂dollarization＂ exploration (global hotspot)

　　The Federal Reserve Building in Washington, USA.

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Liu Jieshe

　　In recent months, many economies around the world have intensively introduced new measures to strengthen local currency settlement in cross-border trade and investment. Experts pointed out that influenced by the dollar risk factors and driven by the development needs of countries themselves, there is a global trend of "de-dollarization". But it is still too early to say that the dollar has collapsed. In the future, with the in-depth development of multi-polarization in the world, countries will have new demand for the development of payment and settlement mechanisms in economic and trade cooperation, which will hopefully promote the exploration of international currency diversification.

　　Many countries "pull away" from the US dollar

　　According to the website of The Indian, the Indian Foreign Ministry recently issued a statement saying that India and Malaysia have agreed to use Indian Rupee for trade settlement. The United Bank of India and others will provide support for this new mechanism. According to the report, this move shows that India is willing to take concrete measures to realize the "dollarization" of its international trade.

　　There are other major economies trying to settle in local currency. Agence France-Presse reported recently that China and Brazil have reached an agreement that RMB or Brazilian real can be used for settlement in bilateral trade between the two countries in the future, instead of using the US dollar as an intermediate currency. The Brazilian Trade and Investment Promotion Agency said in a statement that it is expected that this will reduce costs and promote more bilateral trade and investment.

　　According to the website of ASEAN Briefing, the meeting of ASEAN finance ministers and central bank governors was recently held in Indonesia. The first agenda of the meeting is to discuss how to reduce the dependence of financial transactions on US dollars, euros, Japanese yen and British pounds and turn to local currency settlement. At the meeting, Indonesian President joko widodo also urged other ASEAN countries to use credit cards issued by local banks and gradually stop using foreign payment systems, including Visa and MasterCard in the United States.

　　Prior to this, Iraq, OPEC’s second largest oil producer, also announced new international trade settlement measures. According to Reuters, the Iraqi Central Bank said on February 22nd that the country plans to allow the settlement of import trade from China in RMB for the first time. Previously, the country’s trade with China has been settled in US dollars. Iraq’s central bank said that the new regulations will improve Iraq’s access to foreign exchange.

　　Latin America is also on the move. According to the Financial Times, in January this year, Brazilian President Lula and Argentine President Fernandez announced that the two countries would make preparations for the creation of a common currency belonging to Latin America and would invite other countries in Latin America to join in order to promote regional trade and reduce their dependence on the US dollar.

　　In recent years, the global call for "dollarization" has been growing, and major economies, including developed countries and emerging market countries, have implemented the "dollarization" policy by innovating cross-border payment and settlement mechanisms, signing bilateral currency agreements, and promoting the diversification of foreign exchange reserves.

　　In order to bypass the SWIFT dollar settlement system, Europe launched the "trade support tool" (INSTEX) in early 2019. In March 2020, Europe and Iran reached the first barter trade under INSTEX settlement mechanism. At present, France, Germany, Britain, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden have all joined the mechanism.

　　In January 2022, Turkey and the Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates signed a currency swap agreement worth 64 billion lira and 18 billion dirhams to promote bilateral trade in local currency. Last April, the Bank of Israel included Canadian dollar, Australian dollar, Japanese yen and RMB in its foreign exchange reserves for the first time. Previously, the country only held three currencies: the US dollar, the British pound and the euro. In July last year, the Iranian foreign exchange market launched the Iranian rial/Russian ruble currency transaction. Subsequently, Russia also indicated that it would gradually give up using the US dollar in its trade with Iran. In January this year, Saudi Arabia also expressed its openness to the settlement of trade in non-US dollars at the Davos Economic Forum.

　　As more and more countries consider "distancing themselves" from the US dollar, the proportion of global reserves of the US dollar is changing. According to the data of the International Monetary Fund, by the fourth quarter of 2022, the proportion of US dollars in global foreign exchange reserves had dropped to 58.4%, the lowest level since 1995.

　　The attractiveness of dollar assets has also declined. According to the data of the US Treasury Department, major overseas holders of US debt, such as China, Belgium, Luxemburg and France, have continuously reduced their holdings of US debt in the near future. According to the data of the Federal Reserve, in the week ending March 22nd, the US debt held by foreign investors decreased by $76 billion, which was the biggest weekly decline since March 2014. A report recently released by the US Treasury Department also shows that in January this year, at least 16 countries in the world sold US debt.

　　Multiple factors work together.

　　Many analysts pointed out that the indiscriminate application of financial sanctions by the United States is a direct factor in the acceleration of global "dollarization".

　　Paul craig roberts, former assistant treasury secretary, said recently that American hegemony has always depended on the status of the US dollar as a global reserve currency since World War II, and the recent financial sanctions in the United States have proved that the US dollar is no longer safe. The American magazine International Banker also reported a few days ago that the trend of "dollarization" around the world may not be so surprising, considering that about a quarter of the world’s population is directly affected by US financial sanctions.

　　Cui Jianjun, a professor at the School of Economics and Finance of Xi ‘an Jiaotong University, said in an interview with this reporter that since the Ukrainian crisis, some countries led by the United States have launched several rounds of financial sanctions against Russia. The most severe sanctions are two: First, freezing half of Russia’s foreign exchange reserves, totaling about 300 billion US dollars; The second is to kick major Russian banks out of the SWIFT settlement system. These "unjust actions" that seriously violate the rules of the free market economy and weaponize the US dollar have caused panic in various countries and become the fuse of the current global wave of "dollarization".

　　The irresponsible monetary policy of the United States has also forced many countries to explore countermeasures. Cui Jianjun said that since March last year, the Federal Reserve ended its loose monetary policy and turned to a radical interest rate hike policy, which caused turmoil in the international financial market. Many developing countries suffer from severe inflation and face devaluation of their currencies and capital outflows. Reducing the holdings of US dollar treasury bonds and promoting the diversification of foreign exchange reserve assets are actually helpless self-help measures for these countries to cope with the spillover of US financial risks.

　　"The United States manipulates the dollar to harvest the world and constantly consumes the credit base of the dollar." Cui Jianjun said, "Over the years, the United States has used the dominant monopoly position of the US dollar as both the sovereign currency of the United States and the international reserve currency to seek economic benefits and political advantages through the hegemony of the US dollar, which has seriously overdrawn the credit of the US dollar and prompted more and more countries to start ‘ De-dollarization ’ Explore. "

　　Guo Hongyu, a professor at the School of Finance of the University of International Business and Economics, said in an interview with this reporter that in addition to external factors, the internal needs of the development of emerging market countries have also promoted countries to actively explore the establishment of local currency trading mechanisms.

　　“‘ De-dollarization ’ In line with the development trend of multipolarization in the world. At present, emerging market countries are rising day by day, and their willingness to expand multilateral and regional trade cooperation is rising. In this process, there is bound to be a demand for cross-border payment and settlement mechanisms within their own countries and regions. With the further growth of foreign trade volume and payment and settlement demand in these countries, the financial infrastructure based on domestic currency payment will also accelerate the pace of construction. " Guo Hongyu said, "In addition, for economies with close intra-regional trade and high complementarity, using local currency for settlement has natural advantages. The use of local currency settlement can not only save the exchange cost of third-party currencies, avoid the impact of exchange rate fluctuations of third-party currencies on trade, but also help to reduce uncontrollable factors such as fluctuations in the number of third-party currencies. This is one of the main reasons why many countries are willing to negotiate a bilateral monetary agreement. "

　　Exploring and speeding up currency diversification

　　With the trend of "de-dollarization" becoming more and more obvious, some people think that dollar hegemony is coming to an end. John kani, an American economist, recently warned that the dollar may soon lose its "power" and its dominant position is weakening. The American "Business Insider" magazine also issued a document saying that the dominance of the US dollar in global trade faces "great challenges".

　　However, more analysts believe that it is too early to "challenge the dollar" at present, and the process of "dollarization" still needs to be viewed objectively.

　　Carson Group, an American investment institution, recently analyzed that the dominant position of the US dollar as the world reserve currency will not change in a short time, especially in the absence of a strong alternative.

　　"At present, the US dollar still ranks first in global trade settlement, foreign exchange reserves of central banks, global debt pricing and global capital flows. Although the status of the US dollar in the global monetary system has continued to decline in recent years, its status as a world reserve currency may be difficult to be quickly replaced. " Cui Jianjun said.

　　"At present, the US dollar still firmly occupies the two cornerstones of oil and gold, and the global market still has a strong path dependence on the US dollar in international trade settlement, cross-border payment and financing." Guo Hongyu said.

　　But at the same time, some new explorations cannot be ignored. A few days ago, Goldman Sachs said in a research report to its clients that the rise of crypto-digital currency has prompted global central banks to try to use digital currency to achieve de-centralization.

　　As early as May 2020, the Swedish central bank announced that it would use digital cryptocurrency anchored in its own currency to support financial settlement, and support dollar decentralization with blockchain technology. In February last year, the Russian central bank also announced the start of testing the digital ruble. Last May, the Bank of Japan issued a report saying that Japan’s digital currency Plan had entered the second testing stage. In addition, Japan’s Ministry of Finance and the Financial Services Department, together with several big banks, plan to lead the establishment of an international settlement system similar to SWIFT. Last November, the Bank of Egypt said that the Egyptian pound would soon be decoupled from the US dollar, and at the same time, a series of monetary policy reforms were initiated in order to "de-dollarize" the foreign exchange field.

　　"A multipolar monetary world may come sooner than expected." Gilian Tate, a columnist of the Financial Times, wrote a few days ago. Credit Suisse said in a report in February this year that there is evidence that the world’s major central banks are diversifying their investments and reducing their dependence on the US dollar. The world is gradually moving towards a more multipolar monetary system.

　　"In the future, the diversification of the international monetary system depends on the balanced development of the global economy. One possible prospect is that the US dollar continues to play a role as an international reserve currency, but its weight continues to decline; The status of the euro has gradually increased with the EU’s promotion of economic and financial autonomy; With the further rise of economic strength, Asian countries are gradually exploring the establishment of a new monetary order and contributing to the diversification of the international monetary system. " Cui Jianjun said.

　　"The development of money is closely related to trade." Guo Hongyu said, "A strong trade union will inevitably generate the internal demand for monetary cooperation. In this regard, the euro zone is a typical representative. The birth of the euro has provided monetary convenience for the regional trade of the member countries of the euro zone and promoted the development of international trade. Nowadays, the euro with real currency has become an advanced form of regional monetary cooperation and the second largest reserve currency in the world. At present, in addition to the euro zone, economic development and trade cooperation in Southeast Asia, Latin America and other regions are also constantly advancing. In the future, with the in-depth development of world multipolarization and economic globalization, it is not excluded that some new monetary cooperation arrangements may arise in these regions. "

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Central Network Information Office： Short videos such as posing, rubbing and vulgarity will be rectified.

　　Yesterday (December 12), the Central Network Information Office issued the "Notice on Launching the Special Action of" Clearing and Rectifying the Bad Orientation of Short Video Information Content ".

　　According to the special action arrangement of "Clear and Clear" series in 2023, the Central Network Information Office launched a one-month special action of "Clear and Clear, Rectify the Bad Orientation of Short Video Information Content" from yesterday. The special action focuses on the frequent chaos in the field of short video, focusing on rectifying the poor guidance of three types of short video information content.

　　The first category is the problem of short video spreading false information. 1. Make a fake short video by posing. Make and publish rumors about people’s livelihood. Fabricate a plot to help the disadvantaged groups in society and consume public sympathy. Posing at the scene of an emergency, fabricating false scenes and spreading panic. 2. Technology generates false short videos. Using artificial intelligence and other technologies to fabricate and splice content, illegally using other people’s portraits and voices for face replacement or voice synthesis, and generating false short videos. 3. Disregarding facts and tampering with fraud. Tampering with official authoritative information or taking it out of context.

　　The second category, short video shows misconduct. 1. "erotic rubbing" behavior. Deliberately display actions with sexual hints or teasing, and publish "soft pornography", "rubbing" and "yellowing" content. Using the name of college students to produce and disseminate "soft pornography" information and conduct vulgar marketing. 2. Create vulgar people. Through short video special effects and props, we deliberately dress up as ugly, create vulgar people in the name of "cross-dressing", and challenge the public aesthetics without a bottom line. 3. online celebrity malicious marketing. Online celebrity anchor gains traffic by any means through uncivilized interaction and irrational expression. Abuse of influence to incite fans’ emotions and organize fans to maliciously "irrigate". Release information on marketing fake and shoddy goods to mislead consumers. 4. Show high-risk behaviors. Publish and disseminate bad information that causes physical and mental discomfort, such as suicide, self-harm and cruelty to animals. Show high-risk behaviors that ignore life safety, such as high-altitude parkour and speed racing.

　　The third category is the problem of short video communication misconceptions. 1. Challenge the bottom line of public cognition. Deliberately infringing on national customs and habits, inciting national hatred or regional discrimination. Spreading wrong views on marriage and love, deliberately creating gender opposition. 2. Spread the wrong value orientation. Spreading wrong career views, advocating unscrupulous and negative world-weariness, and spreading wrong values such as showing off wealth and worshipping money and extravagant enjoyment.

　　The Central Network Information Office said that it will strengthen the short video platform management optimization recommendation mechanism. Efforts should be made to solve the problems such as the deviation of value orientation of short video platform algorithm and the insufficient presentation of high-quality short video. Optimize the traffic distribution mechanism to prevent "emphasizing indicators over quality", and unilaterally use quantitative indicators such as praise rate and forwarding rate as the basis for traffic distribution. Strengthen the platform audit. Efforts should be made to solve the problems of nonstandard audit mechanism and insufficient comprehensive audit standards for short video platforms. Prevent oversimplification or across-the-board review and manual review from going through the motions. It is necessary to adhere to the problem orientation, focus on the problems reflected by the people in the short video field, focus on the protection of the rights and interests of special groups such as minors and the elderly, and fully implement the rectification task.

　　Text/reporter Wen Wei Coordinator/Yu Meiying

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Additional 100 billion？ China is not afraid of Trump’s ＂tariff violence.＂

　　On April 5, US President Trump issued a statement saying that he had instructed the US Trade Representative to consider whether it was appropriate to impose tariffs on $100 billion of China goods under Section 301. Earlier, based on the results of the "301 Survey", the Office of the US Trade Representative announced on the 3rd a list of China’s proposed goods to be subject to additional tariffs, involving the import of goods worth about $50 billion from China every year. In this regard, China immediately imposed tariffs on some products imported from the United States, and took countermeasures of the same scale, amount and intensity. This shows that the Sino-US trade friction has escalated sharply into a conflict, and the Sino-US trade war will be on the verge.

one

　　However, interestingly, after Trump’s ravings, White House officials rushed to "put out the fire", first helping to explain that Trump’s $100 billion should refer to the value of imported goods rather than the total tax collection. US Trade Representative Wright Heze also immediately issued a personal statement saying that "none of the additional tariffs will take effect immediately". In fact, in the past two days, Kudla, Trump’s new chief economic adviser, and other US government officials have been trying to reduce the fear of a trade war in the United States, saying that the United States may still reach an agreement with China. It can be seen that even Trump’s ruling team is weak, contradictory and difficult to justify.

　　Mutual "sanctions" are equal to mutual harm. As we all know, in the era of economic globalization, any form of trade war will fundamentally violate the basic principles of economics, the principle of trade liberalization pursued by the international community and the basic laws of the international economy.

　　Especially in today’s world with rapid development of informationization and networking, international trade is basically trading and developing with each other by giving full play to the comparative advantages or factor endowments of various countries. As the largest developed country in the United States, the service industry has long accounted for more than 70% of its development, while China, as a country with a short start of industrialization, has processing trade as the main form of export, and the use of cheap labor to produce low value-added products is the characteristic of China’s foreign trade. In a certain period of time, the formation of trade imbalance is mainly caused by different international division of labor, different industrial structures and different positions of global value chains, as well as different statistical methods between China and the United States (according to estimates by relevant departments, the trade deficit with China calculated by the United States is basically overestimated by about 20%), so it is unnecessary to "add fists and feet" to solve this problem.

one

　　"Sanctions" cannot change the development strategy of other countries. From the list of products restricted by the United States to China, it can be seen that the main goal of the United States is not only to solve the trade imbalance problem, but also to attack the strategic goal of "Made in China 2025" that China is vigorously promoting the development of high-tech industries with an eye to the future.

　　The Trump administration’s move can only be an idiotic dream and a bamboo basket. Historically, in the process of Japan’s rapid post-war economic development, Japan-US trade friction has always accompanied it. The trade war between Japan and the United States lasted from the 1960s to the early 1990s. From textiles to steel, from color TV to automobiles, from semiconductors to telecommunications, six major industries were basically fought. To the surprise of the US government, no industry in Japan was repelled in the US-Japan trade war. Except for some products in Japan, which achieved "independent restrictions", Japan not only greatly promoted the structural adjustment of some industries, but also accelerated the "gorgeous turn". For example, in the home appliance industry, major Japanese manufacturers have shifted from consumer-oriented to enterprise-oriented clients; The automobile industry has become more and more brave, and it still occupies the position of an important exporter of family cars in the world. Japan’s falling into the "lost 20 years" trough is not caused by the trade friction between Japan and the United States, but the result of Japan’s own macro-control policy mistakes.

one

　　The United States has held high the "301" stick for many times in history, but today’s determination and strength of China are destined to make this dispute different from any trade conflict provoked by the United States in the past. The biggest difference between China and other countries is that China has a vast territory and a large population. China is not simply an "export-oriented" country like Japan, but an economy where domestic demand is becoming the main driving force of economic development. China’s industrial transformation and upgrading will not be interrupted by a trade war triggered by the United States, and the development goal of Made in China 2025 will never end because of a trade war. On the contrary, due to external pressure, the government and people of China will make greater efforts to assess the situation and make concerted efforts, so as to make the big ship of China’s economy run more steadily and better in the storm.

one

　　In response to the US statement, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Commerce of China have indicated that China will accompany us to the end and will resolutely fight back at any cost. It can be said that China’s response not only reflects China’s confidence and confidence in the Sino-US trade conflict, but also warns the Trump administration with oriental culture that China is not afraid of any threats, let alone "tariff violence", if China is pushed to the opposite side.

　　(Global Critical Special Commentator,Director, Institute of World Economics, China Institute of International Studies　Jiang yuechun)

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Notice of the General Office of Emergency Management Department on Printing and Distributing the Outline of Occupational Qualification Examination for Intermediate Registered Safety Engineers and the

General Office of Emergency Management Department on Issuing

Outline of Vocational Qualification Examination for Intermediate Registered Safety Engineer

Notice of the Outline of the Professional Qualification Examination for Junior Registered Safety Engineers

Emergency room [2019] No.43

In order to do a good job in the professional qualification examination of intermediate and junior registered safety engineers, in accordance with the provisions of the professional qualification system of registered safety engineers and the implementation measures of the professional qualification examination of registered safety engineers (emergency [2019〕eightNo.), the Emergency Management Department organized the compilation of the Outline of the Professional Qualification Examination for Intermediate Registered Safety Engineers and the Outline of the Professional Qualification Examination for Junior Registered Safety Engineers, which were approved by the Ministry of Commerce, Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the Ministry of Transport and approved by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, and are now issued for implementation.

Attachment:

1.Outline of occupation qualification examination for intermediate registered safety engineer

2.Outline of professional qualification examination for junior registered safety engineer

General office of emergency management department

2019yearfourmoon19sun

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National Health Commission： Start deploying the sequential booster immunization of COVID-19 vaccine! Attached is ＂Eight Questions and Eight Answers on Vaccination in COVID-19＂

　　

　　On February 19th, the State Council Joint Defense and Control Mechanism held a press conference. At the meeting, Wu Liangyou, deputy director of the CDC of the National Health and Wellness Commission, said that recently, with the approval of the joint prevention and control mechanism of the State Council, the National Health and Wellness Commission has started to deploy sequential enhanced immunization.

　　Previously, all the target people over 18 years old who have been vaccinated with inactivated vaccine from Sinopharm Zhongsheng Beijing Company, Beijing Kexing Company, Sinopharm Zhongsheng Wuhan Company or adenovirus vector vaccine from Tianjin Kangxinuo Company for 6 months can take one dose.Homologous enhanced immunityThat is, it is strengthened with the original vaccine.Sequential booster immunizationAfter the implementation of the strategy, the target population who have been vaccinated with the above three inactivated vaccines can also choose the recombinant protein vaccine of Zhifeilongkema or the adenovirus vector vaccine of Kangxinuo for sequential booster immunization. For the target population, one of homologous booster immunization and sequential booster immunization can be selected. In addition, the joint prevention and control mechanism of the State Council also approved the homologous booster immunization of inactivated Covid-19 vaccine from Shenzhen Kangtai Company and Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Both homologous strengthening and sequential strengthening should be implemented in people over 18 years old who have completed the whole vaccination for 6 months.

　　Can sequential booster immunization be carried out after vaccination? Are people over 60 years old suitable for sequential immunization? Eight questions answered by experts in one article!

　　In COVID-19, the sequential immunization of vaccines will soon be carried out in the whole country. We have collected relevant vaccination questions that have attracted much attention and invited experts to answer questions.

　　According to the requirements of the joint prevention and control mechanism in the State Council at this stage on strengthening immunization of Covid-19 vaccine, homologous immunization and sequential immunization can be carried out in the target population.
　　

　　1.

　　Is it necessary to strengthen the needle? Is it safe?

　　It is necessary to fightFrom the current related research, strengthening needles is also more effective. According to the research results at home and abroad, vaccination in COVID-19 has significantly reduced the morbidity, hospitalization and mortality caused by Covid-19, and played a great role in epidemic prevention and control. However, COVID-19 vaccine, like other vaccines, has a weakened protective effect with the passage of time after vaccination. However, after enhanced immunization, the recipients will produce higher antibody levels in their bodies, thus gaining protection against virus attacks.

　　　　

　　2.

　　What is homologous immunization? What is sequential immunization? Who is the target group?

　　Homologous booster immunization: refers to booster immunization with the same technical route as basic immunization.

　　At present, two doses of inactivated vaccine (Vero cells) plus one dose of inactivated vaccine (Vero cells) are implemented in China, or one dose of adenovirus vector vaccine plus one dose of adenovirus vector vaccine.

　　Specifically:

　　People aged 18 and above who have completed two doses of the same inactivated vaccine (Vero cells).After 6 months, the original inactivated vaccine (Vero cells) can be used for one dose of booster immunization;

　　People aged 18 and above who have completed two doses of inactivated vaccine (Vero cells) from different manufacturers.After 6 months, the same vaccine as the second dose is given priority in principle. If the second dose of the same vaccine is not available, the same vaccine as the first dose can be used for one dose of booster immunization.

　　Population aged 18 and above vaccinated with adenovirus vector vaccineAfter 6 months, the original vaccine was used for 1 dose of booster immunization.

　　People over the age of 18 who used Shenzhen Kangtai Covid-19 inactivated vaccine (Vero cells) to complete two doses of vaccination.After 6 months, in principle, continue to use the original inactivated vaccine for one dose of booster immunization.

　　People over 18 years old who use Zhifei recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (CHO cells)You only need to complete three doses of full vaccination, with an interval of 4 weeks between each dose, and there is no need to strengthen immunization.

　　Sequential booster immunization: refers to booster immunization with vaccines with different technical routes from basic immunization.

　　Sequential booster immunization faces the whole process of vaccination.Sinopharm Zhongsheng Beijing Company, Beijing Kexing Company and Sinopharm Zhongsheng Wuhan Company.Inactivated Covid-19 vaccineFull 6 months, andPeople aged 18 and above who have not completed homologous immunization..

　　At present, the vaccination scheme of homologous and sequential booster immunization of COVID-19 vaccine on the market is as follows:

　　

　　3.

　　How to carry out sequential immunization?

　　At present, there are two combination schemes for sequential immunization:

　　Inactivated vaccine (Vero cells) 2 doses of sub-basic immunization+Recombinant protein vaccine (CHO cells)1 dose of booster immunization;

　　Inactivated vaccine (Vero cells) 2 doses of sub-basic immunization+adenovirus vector vaccine1 dose of booster immunization.

　　Bottom line: I got two shots of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine, and the third shot can be inactivated vaccine, adenovirus vaccine or recombinant protein vaccine.

　　　　

　　4.

　　How safe is sequential booster immunization?

　　The existing data show that both sequential immunization combination schemes can greatly improve the neutralizing antibody level of the recipients and have good safety.

　　　　

　　5.

　　Can people over the age of 60 be vaccinated sequentially?

　　People over 60 years old are at high risk of Covid-19 infection.

　　People over the age of 60 who meet the requirements of sequential booster immunization can choose sequential booster immunization.

　　　　

　　6.

　　Is it free to take the sequential booster immunization program to vaccinate COVID-19 vaccine?

　　At this stage, the implementation of immunization is strengthened in sequence.Free vaccination policy.

　　People who meet the requirements of sequential booster immunization can choose recombinant protein vaccine or adenovirus vector vaccine.Free booster vaccination 1 dose..

　　　　

　　7.

　　What are the precautions for vaccination against Covid-19 vaccine?

　　Before vaccination, according to the previous vaccination certificate, confirm whether you are 18 years old or above and whether you have completed basic immunization for more than 6 months.

　　When vaccinating, you need to carry your identity documents and vaccination certificates, and do personal protection according to the requirements of epidemic prevention and control, and cooperate with the relevant inquiries and registration of the vaccination staff on site.

　　After inoculation, observe the site for 30 minutes according to the regulations, keep the inoculated local skin clean, and avoid scratching the inoculated site with your hands.

　　　　

　　8.

　　I have been vaccinated with "booster shots", can I still carry out sequential booster immunization?

　　The target population is free to choose:

　　Adopt the original technical route vaccine to carry out homologous enhanced immunization

　　Adopt different technical routes to carry out sequential booster immunization.

　　butSequential booster immunization and homologous booster immunization cannot be accepted at the same time..

　　People who have completed the "booster shot" vaccination with inactivated vaccine do not need to be vaccinated again..

　　

Disease control experts reminded

　　At present, the global COVID-19 epidemic continues to develop, and Covid-19 accelerates the spread of mutation. China is still under great pressure to "import foreign defense and rebound internal defense".Vaccination with Covid-19 vaccine is still the most effective, safest and most economical measure to prevent and control COVID-19.. Strengthening immunization is of great significance for protecting susceptible people and effectively curbing the spread of the epidemic.

　　Please meet the vaccination conditions of personnel as soon as possible to strengthen Covid-19 vaccine immunization, and mobilize your relatives and friends to take the initiative to vaccinate, and jointly build an immune barrier!

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Mass entrepreneurship should have four key elements.

　　Mass entrepreneurship and innovation are strategic choices under the situation of "three phases" of China’s economic and social development, which is not only a major reform measure to fully stimulate the wisdom and creativity of hundreds of millions of people, but also an important way to achieve national prosperity and people’s prosperity; It is not only a scientific choice to improve the efficiency of spatial and temporal redistribution of production factors, but also an inevitable choice for people to move from an economic power to an economic power. However, mass entrepreneurship is a systematic project. To set off a wave of mass entrepreneurship in the whole society, we need to have and solve the following four key factors:

　　One is the human factor. To form the situation of mass entrepreneurship, people, as the main body of entrepreneurship, must meet two conditions: they must have a strong entrepreneurial will; Have enough entrepreneurial ability. The stimulation of entrepreneurial will needs to form a strong cultural atmosphere of entrepreneurship and innovation in the whole society, respect innovation, advocate entrepreneurship, respect talents, protect the rights and interests of talents, and tolerate entrepreneurial failure. Encourage people to stress morality, value honesty, abide by the rule of law, and abide by contracts, so that innovation and entrepreneurship will become a common way of life, and the public will pay attention to entrepreneurship, think about entrepreneurship and be willing to practice entrepreneurship. It is necessary to increase publicity and recognition of typical entrepreneurship and give play to the role of demonstration. Moreover, the cultivation of entrepreneurial ability needs to start with education, change from exam-oriented education to quality education, strengthen employment guidance and entrepreneurship education for college graduates, implement the college students’ entrepreneurship leading plan, and support college graduates to start businesses in emerging industries. Governments at all levels should encourage and support the development of entrepreneurship counseling and training institutions, so that more willing entrepreneurs can improve their entrepreneurial ability and their chances of success.

　　The second is the factor of capital. Mass entrepreneurship, especially "grassroots entrepreneurship", is often based on self-owned funds or raising funds from relatives and friends, but the risk of entrepreneurship is relatively high. Once entrepreneurship fails, entrepreneurs and their families will fall into life difficulties. Therefore, whether the external financing channels of venture capital are smooth has become the key factor for the formation of mass entrepreneurship wave. First of all, the government can set up a "venture fund for mass entrepreneurship" to ensure the continuous chain of funds for the follow-up development of entrepreneurship, and to really help the horse, it is necessary to send a ride. This year, the state plans to allocate 40 billion yuan to guide the start-up of emerging industries. How to manage and improve the efficiency of the use of funds is worthy of our consideration. Second, carry out financial structure reform. The existing financial structure tends to be higher and heavier. It is suggested that a part of the financial structure should be dedicated to serving entrepreneurs. For example, more standardized small and medium-sized banks can be established to serve entrepreneurs. Large funds managed by the state should increase the proportion of investment in innovation and entrepreneurship. In addition, entrepreneurs should be encouraged and supported to adopt equity financing, so as to make social funds flow from virtual economy to real economy.

　　The third is the factor of entrepreneurial opportunities. The search and grasp of entrepreneurial opportunities depends on the ability of entrepreneurs to search and recognize entrepreneurial information and opportunities, and on the supply ability of government entrepreneurial opportunities. From the government’s point of view, there are at least four aspects to be done: First, increase the publicity and interpretation of the existing innovation and entrepreneurship policies, so that entrepreneurs can learn more about the cultivation and support that innovation and entrepreneurship can obtain, and enhance the chances and confidence of entrepreneurial success. Second, the key to opening up the channel of transformation of scientific and technological achievements is to speed up the reform of the use and disposal of scientific and technological achievements and revenue management, so that scientific and technological personnel are willing to innovate, start businesses and transform, encourage all kinds of innovations, directly use them for entrepreneurship, participate in entrepreneurship through cooperation, and promote entrepreneurship through transfer. Innovation will inevitably lead to mass entrepreneurship. Third, create a fair and orderly market environment, change more "preferential" policies into "inclusive" policies, break some industry monopolies, reduce market access, and cancel unnecessary industry restrictions. For the innovation of some new formats and business models, we should give legal protection, protect, standardize and supervise them, promote fair competition and maintain market order. Fourth, accelerate social innovation, guide and support the establishment of social enterprises, realize cross-border cooperation among the government, enterprises, non-profit organizations and the media, solve social problems such as youth education, old-age care, women’s employment difficulties, and safeguarding the human rights of the disabled, and provide more channels and opportunities for mass entrepreneurship.

　　The fourth is the policy system factor. Policy system is the condition and guarantee factor of mass entrepreneurship, so it is necessary to create conditions and environment for mass entrepreneurship, and clear the obstacles to entrepreneurship instead of setting obstacles. First, the government decentralizes profits to do "subtraction", promotes decentralization, simplifies administrative examination and approval procedures, and promotes the facilitation of investment and entrepreneurship. Second, formulate a classified and guided entrepreneurship policy system. At present, the concepts of innovation and entrepreneurship are usually blurred. In fact, even innovation is not the same as high-tech industry. Innovation also includes technological innovation, management innovation, model innovation, format innovation, market innovation, etc. At present, policy support or capital supply tend to be innovative and entrepreneurial in high-tech industries, while ignoring other industries and groups. Mass entrepreneurship is mostly "grass-roots" entrepreneurship, lacking high-tech support, and mostly related to traditional industries. However, these entrepreneurship may involve innovation in business format and mode, especially the application of "internet plus". Similar entrepreneurship has important contributions and significance for increasing employment and expanding domestic demand. Therefore, formulating a classified and guided entrepreneurship policy system can better stimulate the enthusiasm of mass entrepreneurship. Third, further promote the reform of financing system, taxation and circulation system, increase entrepreneurial opportunities in service industries, and provide convenient conditions for entrepreneurship in other industries. Improve the construction of legal environment, strengthen supervision after the event, punish illegal acts according to law, protect intellectual property rights, and establish a market environment of honest operation and fair competition. Further improve the policy system that is conducive to mass entrepreneurship, and implement and improve the cultivation and support policies that encourage mass entrepreneurship, such as tax reduction and exemption, small loan guarantee, capital subsidy, and venue arrangement.Form a new mechanism that the government supports entrepreneurship, the society supports entrepreneurship, and the public is willing to start a business and dares to start a business.

　

　　Source: Qiushi

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