From January 23rd, Chengdu, Deyang, Meishan, Ya ‘an, Guangyuan, Mianyang and other places in Sichuan started the "snowfall" mode, and the circle of friends of Chengdu people was even more "screened" by the snow scene, and the atmosphere was comparable to that of festivals. Some netizens laughed and said that there was already a long queue for cars to make snowmen in Longquan Mountain.
Let’s take a look at how serious the snow is in Sichuan and where it has joined the "group chat". (Wen Dai Jianwei)
On January 24th, Chengdu was photographed by Dai Jianwei.
Photo courtesy of Du Fu Caotang Museum in Chengdu
Tourists are in Emei Mountain.enjoyPhoto courtesy of Snow Scene Emei Mountain Scenic Area Management Committee
Deyang Mianzhu People’s Park Silver Dressed and Wrapped Photography Wang Ping
In an orchard on Mount Emei, Meishan, the wind and snow pressed the branches to photograph Wu Fawu.
Photo courtesy of Shangli Ancient Town, Ya ‘an The Propaganda Department of Ya ‘an Municipal Committee
Tourists enjoy snow in Hongya Wawu Mountain Scenic Area of Meishan. Photo courtesy Wawu Mountain Tourism Scenic Area Management Committee
Photo courtesy of Guangyuan Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve Snow Photo courtesy of Sichuan Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve Management Division
Photo courtesy of Chengdu Jintang Snow Scene Jintang county Wei publicity department
Mianyang Xianhai Water Conservancy Scenic Spot Snowscape Photography Zhao Dan
Shifang Yinghua Grand Canyon Snow Photography Zhou Lepeng
Panda frolicking in the snow in Bifengxia Scenic Area of Ya ‘an Photo courtesy of Propaganda Department of Ya ‘an Municipal Committee
Examination reminder
Collection! 2024 annual examination schedule
The examination schedule for the whole year of 2024 is coming. Teachers’ qualification examination, computer grade examination, certified public accountant and legal professional qualification … are planned in advance, without regret. See "Detailed Reading" for the exam schedule. If there is any change, please refer to the latest official exam announcement.
Ticket purchase reminder
Don’t forget to buy a return train ticket in advance.
Train tickets for the Spring Festival holiday have been sold. When buying pre-holiday train tickets, don’t forget to buy return train tickets in advance. According to the arrangement that the train ticket is sold 15 days in advance, on the return trip, on February 2, passengers can buy the train ticket on the seventh day of the first month (February 16); On February 3, passengers can buy train tickets on the eighth day of the first month (February 17).
Competition reminder
Ministry of Education: Disqualification of this competition.
Recently, the Ministry of Education reported that according to the clues reported by the masses, the Ministry of Education conducted an investigation and verification on the relevant issues of the "Honor to Heroes" national youth cultural and artistic creation theme education competition sponsored by the China Children’s Culture and Art Foundation. After investigation, the reports from the masses are basically true, and there are some outstanding problems in the competition, such as setting up sub-events privately, subcontracting at different levels, illegal charging, and chaotic management, which have caused bad influence in society. According to the circular, after repeated interviews and reminders, the organizer has not properly rectified it. After fulfilling the relevant procedures, it was decided to cancel the qualification of the "Honor to Heroes" national youth cultural and artistic creation theme education competition. From now on, China Children’s Culture and Art Foundation and related subjects are not allowed to hold the "Honor to Heroes" National Youth Culture and Art Creation Theme Education Competition.
Employment reminder
There are editors and posts, and the Ministry of Education has issued a notice
Recently, the Ministry of Education issued a notice on doing a good job in the employment of publicly-funded normal college graduates of the 2024 Normal University under the Ministry of Education, requiring all provincial education administrative departments to ensure that publicly-funded normal college students who meet the employment conditions have posts and posts, and all of them have implemented teaching schools, and it is strictly forbidden to "make up for them". The provincial education administrative departments should continue to organize special recruitment activities for public-funded normal students, and ensure that public-funded normal students who meet the employment conditions have posts and posts by giving priority to the use of vacant posts, and all of them should implement teaching schools. It is strictly forbidden to "make up the posts without making up". Before the end of May, 2024, ensure that 90% of publicly-funded normal students will implement teaching schools through two-way selection. At the end of June, 2024, the public-funded normal students who have not signed a contract will be transferred to the provincial education administrative department where the students are located, and the provincial education administrative departments will make overall arrangements with relevant departments to teach in primary and secondary schools in areas where teachers are in short supply. Before leaving school, all public-funded normal students must implement the teaching school.
Nine departments launched the Spring Breeze Action in 2024.
A few days ago, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and other nine departments deployed the 2024 Spring Breeze Action nationwide. The operation continued from late January to early April. During the activity, all localities will focus on "visiting people’s feelings for employment" and "visiting enterprises to ask for needs", widely publicize service initiatives, roll out activity arrangements, and publicize employment and entrepreneurship policies in groups. Intensive recruitment activities will be held, and various forms of recruitment activities such as "big and comprehensive", "specialized and refined" and "small and beautiful" will be launched, so as to realize weekly recruitment and send posts to the side. Actively organize labor docking, carry out on-site recruitment, group recruitment, labor brand docking, and provide services such as chartered cars, special trains (including cars) and charter flights. Vigorously support returning home to start a business, select a number of entrepreneurial projects, tap a number of spare space resources such as returning home to start a business park, sort out a set of policies, services and financial support measures, and accurately push them to entrepreneurs. The whole activity is expected to provide 30 million jobs.
Express service reminder
Inter-provincial express, no more than 72 hours!
Recently, the General Administration of Market Supervision (National Standards Committee) issued five national standards, such as Limit of Heavy Metals and Specific Substances in Express Packaging, Express Service and Express Cyclic Packaging Box. The three series of national standards of the new version of Express Service have refined the time limit requirements for domestic express delivery services, with the longest time limit for express delivery in the same city not exceeding 48 hours and that for inter-provincial express delivery not exceeding 72 hours; Standardize the billing of express weight, the billing weight is in kilograms, and at least one decimal place is reserved; Strengthened the protection requirements for the rights and interests of employees such as education and training, labor security, etc.; Increased data security requirements in the collection, storage and use of personal information of express users; This paper puts forward the requirements for receiving, sending and delivering express mail according to different ordering methods and delivery methods, which leads to the improvement of the quality and efficiency of express delivery service.
Wenlv reminder
The list of the third batch of national night culture and tourism consumption gathering areas was announced.
According to the requirements of the Notice on the Construction of the Third Batch of National Night Culture and Tourism Consumption Agglomeration Areas, the list of the third batch of national night culture and tourism consumption Agglomeration Areas was published.
The list of the third batch of national ski resorts was publicized.
According to the People’s Republic of China (PRC) tourism industry standard "Classification of Ski Resort" (LB/T 083—2021) and the Notice of the General Office of the General Administration of Sports of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism on the Identification of National Ski Resort (No.166 [2023] of the Office of Resources), the list of the third batch of national ski resorts was publicized.
List of National Class A and Class B Tourist Homes Released
According to the Guidelines for the Implementation of Basic Requirements and Grading of Tourist Homes (GB/T41648-2022), 59 tourist homestays meet the national first-class tourist homestay standards, and 52 tourist homestays meet the national second-class tourist homestay standards.
Ministry of Culture and Tourism: It is planned to determine 21 scenic spots as national 5A-level tourist attractions.
According to People’s Republic of China (PRC)’s national standards "Classification and Evaluation of Quality Grades of Tourist Attractions" and "Measures for the Administration of Quality Grades of Tourist Attractions", the Ministry of Culture and Tourism announced 21 tourist attractions as national 5A-level tourist attractions.
Financial reminder
The CSRC further strengthened the supervision of securities lending business and completely suspended the lending of restricted shares.
In order to implement the investor-oriented supervision concept and strengthen the supervision of the lending of restricted shares, the CSRC further optimized the securities lending mechanism after full argumentation and evaluation. Specifically, it includes: First, completely suspend the lending of restricted shares; The second is to adjust the declaration of the market-oriented agreement on securities lending from real-time availability to next-day availability, so as to limit the efficiency of securities lending. Due to factors such as system adjustment, the first measure was implemented on January 29th, and the second measure was implemented on March 18th.
Visa exemption reminder
From February 9, China and Singapore will be exempted from visas.
Recently, representatives of the Government of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Government of the Republic of Singapore signed the Agreement between the Government of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Government of the Republic of Singapore on Mutual Visa Exemption for Ordinary Passport Holders. The agreement will come into effect on February 9, 2024 (Lunar New Year’s Eve). At that time, ordinary passport holders of both sides can enter the other country without a visa to engage in private affairs such as tourism, visiting relatives and business, and stay for no more than 30 days. If you want to enter the other country to engage in work, news reports and other activities that require prior approval, and intend to stay in the other country for more than 30 days, you must complete the corresponding visa before entering the other country.
From March 1st, mutual visa exemption between China and Thailand came into effect.
On January 28th, local time, China and Thailand signed a visa exemption agreement in Bangkok, Thailand. The agreement will take effect from March 1, 2024.
Unqualified product reminder
Bulletin of national supervision and spot check on the quality of eight kinds of products such as mobile power supply
Recently, the General Administration of Market Supervision organized national supervision and spot checks on the quality of eight kinds of products, including mobile power supply. The spot check is now reported as follows: A total of 284 batches of products from 277 production units and 193 sales units were randomly checked, and 69 batches of unqualified products were found. Among the unqualified products, 8 batches of mobile power supply, 2 batches of power adapter, 1 batch of fixed universal lamps, 2 batches of embedded lamps, namely 7 batches of hot water dispensers, 10 batches of electric ovens and baking appliances, 15 batches of skin and hair care appliances and 24 batches of air purifiers. Follow-up spot checks showed that there were 8 unqualified production units in the last spot check, and the products of 4 production units were still unqualified.
Fire safety reminder
The the State Council Security Committee Office deployed and carried out a major rectification campaign to focus on fire safety.
On January 26th, the Office of the the State Council Security Committee issued a notice to deploy and carry out a large-scale rectification campaign of centralized fire control safety. This campaign is aimed at "nine small places", multi-format mixed production and operation places and crowded places, focusing on rectifying illegal and illegal construction operations and production and operation, insufficient safety evacuation conditions, and illegal installation of anti-theft nets and billboards. Among them, "nine small places" include small schools and kindergartens, small medical institutions, small shops, small restaurants, small hotels, small song and dance entertainment, small internet cafes, small beauty baths, small production and processing enterprises and other places; Multi-format mixed production and business premises include business premises that integrate catering, accommodation, entertainment, commerce, warehousing, culture, sports, training and other multi-format functions, and sublet and sublet to form labor-intensive enterprises and other places that produce and store multiple functions; Crowded places include hotels, public entertainment places, large-scale commercial complexes, hospitals, boarding primary and secondary schools, nursing homes, children’s welfare homes, tourist places and other places. The operation will start from now on and end at the end of March, and it will be divided into three stages: mobilization and deployment, tackling difficulties, and acceptance and evaluation.
意见征求提醒
《政府和社会资本合作项目特许经营方案编写大纲(2024年版,征求意见稿)》公开征求意见
为贯彻落实《关于规范实施政府和社会资本合作新机制的指导意见》,国家发展改革委抓紧组织起草了《政府和社会资本合作项目特许经营方案编写大纲(2024年版,征求意见稿)》,按照有关工作要求,现向社会公开征求意见。此次公开征求意见的时间为2024年1月24日至2024年2月24日。
《关于强化集中用餐单位食堂承包经营食品安全管理工作的通知(征求意见稿)》公开征求意见
为进一步规范集中用餐单位食堂承包经营行为,保障广大群众饮食安全,市场监管总局会同相关部门起草了《关于强化集中用餐单位食堂承包经营食品安全管理工作的通知(征求意见稿)》,现向社会公开征求意见。欢迎社会公众提出修改意见,并于2024年2月24日前反馈市场监管总局。
责编 李佳芯
CCTV News:Nowadays, the network world is vast and wonders. In terms of insurance types, "wonderful risks" such as exams and stickers are also emerging one after another. How much do you know about these various internet insurances? The China Insurance Regulatory Commission has issued risk warnings, and some types of insurance even have the nature of gambling and are suspected of gambling.
Network insurance set off a craze "wonderful insurance" came into being.
Before the advent of the Internet, most insurance policies covered a long period, usually in years or at least in months. However, with the popularity of smart phones, users can buy insurance products conveniently and quickly at any time and any place, and the acquisition and sales costs of insurance companies are also greatly reduced.
Since 2016, the online platform has set off an "insurance boom". In the main gathering areas of Internet insurance, there are not only traditional insurance online, such as account insurance, auto insurance, travel insurance, health insurance and accident insurance, but also the representative products of Internet innovative insurance — — E-commerce insurance.
In addition, all kinds of "exotic risks" have sprung up. There are love insurance, food insurance, acne insurance for young people, overtime insurance, lottery insurance, illegal sticker insurance for office workers, and even insurance for forgetting to wear long trousers, preventing small accidents and helping the elderly, which surprised many people.
The underwriting process of product promotion is not standardized.
In July 2017, the Inspection Bureau of the China Insurance Regulatory Commission notified six typical Internet risk cases within the insurance industry. Among them, an insurance regulatory bureau in a certain place found that many well-known domestic online travel service companies with the qualification of third-party online insurance platform had problems such as nonstandard naming of insurance products, incomplete information disclosure, lack of insurance underwriting review, and failure to provide insurance documents in the process of promoting products and underwriting.
Some insurance products attract people’s attention when they are advertised and sold, such as "marriage insurance", "check-out insurance", "helping the elderly" and "Xiong Haizi insurance", but their essence is still accident insurance and liability insurance. These insurance products, whose names are simplified at will, are not only inconsistent with the regulatory requirements, but also ambiguous or misleading, which can easily lead to consumer disputes.
In addition, its underwriting process is not standardized. The underwriting interface of some third-party online sales platforms is relatively simple. You only need to enter the basic information of the insured or the insured to complete the insurance and the contract will come into effect. The insurance process has not gone through the underwriting procedures of the insurance company, and the important insurance clauses such as exemption clauses have not been explained or informed. The relevant insurance companies did not actively provide consumers with valid insurance vouchers and charging vouchers, but only informed consumers of the effectiveness of the policy and the amount of charges by SMS.
"Wonderful Insurance" is risky or suspected of fraudulent fund-raising gambling.
In fact, "wonderful insurance" itself also has many risks.
First of all, these insurance types may be suspected of fraud and illegal fund-raising, because the insurance types are not developed and sold by insurance institutions, and the insurance policies have no legal effect;
Second, because the "target" of insurance has no rules to follow, and the pricing and terms are not supported by risk data, buying such insurance is suspected of online gambling with gambling nature;
Third, the "exotic insurance" products may not be worthy of the name, which will damage the rights and interests of consumers if the terms are unclear and the relevant information disclosure of insurance institutions is incomplete and insufficient;
Finally, personal information may be lost or leaked, because the network "Qiqi Insurance" will put customers’ private data on the public "cloud" server, and sometimes there may be improper maintenance of its own information system.
The main purpose of analyzing "exotic insurance" in the industry is to "catch the eye". After all, the cake in the insurance market is so big, and most of it has been occupied by large insurance companies. Small insurance companies that can’t get the cake can only take a slant and launch some products that other insurance companies don’t have to grab market segments.
Lawyer’s statement: Strictly speaking, it is a "gambling agreement"
In view of the essence of "exotic insurance", people in the legal profession believe that in a strict sense, such a transaction cannot be called "insurance", but a gambling agreement based on personal wishes. And "Qiqi Insurance" has no insurance policy, and the online shop is a kind of existence between virtual and reality. Consumers get more verbal promises. Once the "compensation" is not implemented, it is often difficult to defend the rights of such small disputes to virtual existence.
● Regional restrictions on insurance coverage
The products purchased by insurance companies in official website are mostly restricted by regions, and cross-regional services may not be realized due to regional economic conditions and the establishment of branches of insurance companies. And some products are special products for specific regions, and even some products are different in different regions, and the insured amount is different. In addition, the insured area is not available in the whole country, and generally does not include Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan.
● Effective time of policy.
The protection provided by insurance will be effective only after the policy comes into effect, but the effective time of Internet insurance is not uniform, and some funds will take effect immediately after successful transfer, such as flight extension insurance. Some are the same as traditional insurance, and the contract is established, and the first premium is successfully deducted and the insurance policy is issued at 0: 00 the next day, while others need to wait a few days. After online insurance, we should pay attention to whether the policy is issued successfully and the specific effective time of the policy after it is issued successfully.
● Health insurance medical treatment restrictions
Health insurance (critical illness, medical insurance, etc.) is required for medical hospitals, usually public hospitals with level 2 or above. Some products will increase the number of other medical institutions recognized by insurance companies, and only in these places can you get a claim for medical treatment. Some products will clearly list the hospitals that do not pay for medical treatment, which is subject to the insurance instructions of the insured products.
● Small self-service claims
There are two ways to claim compensation for Internet insurance. One is to call the insurance company to report the case and prepare the materials to apply for compensation at the company counter, just like the insurance purchased through traditional channels. The other is to upload the materials to the Internet and apply for compensation directly through the insurance company official website or official WeChat. For small claims, different products and different insurance platforms have different limits. If the amount of claims meets the relevant conditions, you can upload information on the mobile terminal to make self-help claims.
Recently, the procuratorate of Fuzhou City prosecuted Gao Lianzhu for the crime of accepting bribes and transferring loans at high interest. In November last year, 53-year-old Gao Lianzhu took the initiative to surrender himself as the party secretary of Fuzhou Municipal Bureau of Statistics, and his alleged "high-interest loan transfer crime" attracted much attention.
The crime of lending at a high interest rate refers to the act of taking credit funds from financial institutions and lending them to others at a high interest rate, with a large amount of illegal income. In recent years, this crime has frequently appeared in the notification of the investigated public officials. In this way, they can easily "borrow money to make money".
Jia Fenqiang, former deputy director of the Public Security Department of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, borrowed 3 million yuan, and after lending it to others at a high interest rate of 5 times, he easily made a profit of more than 1.05 million yuan; Qin Guoyou, the former deputy researcher of Luzhai County Committee of Guangxi, borrowed 3.05 million yuan, and made a profit of more than 1.19 million yuan after high-interest lending; Luo Fuyang, former deputy mayor of Fuzhou City and former director of the Municipal Public Security Bureau, raised funds through bank loans, and then lent money to Chen Moumou and others at high interest rates, earning more than 6.5 million yuan.
According to relevant reports, China News Weekly covers a wide range of public officials involved in such issues, including party committees and government officials, as well as senior bank officials and state-owned enterprise executives. There are both deputy directors of the provincial public security department and grassroots cadres. Not only did they lose their public office, but they were also jailed.
Mao Jiangping, a member of the Supervision Committee of Jiangshan City, Zhejiang Province, said in an interview with the media that the advantage of public officials in obtaining credit funds has made a small number of people use their brains and even take risks and try their best.
Mao Zhaohui, executive director of the China Supervisory Society and director of the Anti-corruption and Clean Government Policy Research Center of Renmin University of China, told China Newsweek that the high-interest lending behavior of public officials often involves the influence of personal power, which is more harmful and more concealed. After they use the influence of personal power to borrow money, they raise interest rates to lend money, disrupting the financial market order and increasing financial risks.
The shadow of power behind arbitrage
According to the law, when a loan applicant borrows from a financial institution, it is necessary to state the legal purpose of the loan and the term of the loan. Because public officials can’t run enterprises through business, many cases show that they usually take out loans on the pretext of housing renovation, and then transfer them to loans at high interest rates.
Jia Fenqiang, former deputy director of the Public Security Department of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, is a typical case. In September 2016, Jia Fenqiang was sentenced to 15 years’ imprisonment and fined 2.1 million yuan by the zhongwei Intermediate People’s Court.
Zhongwei Intermediate People’s Court found that Jia Fenqiang obtained a loan of 3 million yuan from the bank through his friend by signing a fake house renovation contract, with a monthly interest of 5% and a loan term of one year. After the loan was issued, Jia Fenqiang immediately lent all the loans to a microfinance company at a monthly interest of 2.5%. After several loan renewals, he made a profit of more than 1.05 million yuan.
An insider familiar with the local political and legal system in zhongwei told China Newsweek that the loan took place in October 2012, when Jia was a member of the Standing Committee of Yinchuan Municipal Committee, secretary of the Political and Legal Committee, and director of the Municipal Public Security Bureau, and the bank involved was Shizuishan Bank. "At that time, other bank leaders offered to provide loans for Jia in order to close the relationship with Jia Fenqiang, but in the end he chose Shizuishan Bank."
Public officials who take loans on the grounds of housing renovation are not cases. The website of the State Supervision Commission of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection once published a document about the case of Wang Pengxiang, former vice president of the Jiaojiang District People’s Court in Taizhou, Zhejiang.
In January 2014, Wang Pengxiang took a property under the name of his wife Ye Moumou as collateral, forged renovation contract, and applied to a banking institution for a decoration consumer loan of 2 million yuan. In November 2014, the loan reached the account of the fake decoration contractor designated by Wang Pengxiang, and then the money was transferred to Wang Pengxiang’s mother-in-law account through her company employee Xu Moumou. On the day of lending, Wang Pengxiang immediately lent the money in his account to three stakeholders to earn the interest difference. According to the investigation, the interest income collected from Wang Pengxiang’s reloaning was as high as 1,504,800 yuan, and the interest on bank loans was 320,200 yuan, resulting in illegal profits of nearly 1.2 million yuan.
There are also cases that show that some public officials consciously have no hope of promotion, and they want to make a fortune by lending at high interest. At the beginning of 2009, Wang Moumou, a friend of Qin Guoyou, a deputy researcher of Luzhai County Committee in Liuzhou City, Guangxi Province, who was engaged in real estate business, learned that there were many sets of idle properties for rent when he was short of funds and difficult to borrow, and told Qin that it was a waste of resources to use the property only for rent. Wang Moumou advised Qin Guoyou to mortgage the property to the bank to get a loan from it, and then lent the loan to him, promising to give Qin Guoyou 50% interest every year.
At that time, Qin Guoyou had worked as a deputy researcher of the county party committee for six years, and he thought, "Since ‘ Guanlu ’ Poor, turn away ‘ Trade routes ’ " That’s fine. From 2009 to 2013, in the name of herself and her daughter, Qin borrowed from Guangxi Luzhai Rural Cooperative Bank for four times (totaling 3.05 million yuan) on the grounds of purchasing excavators, and then lent the loans to Wang Moumou and Zhang Moumou, and charged interest. After investigation, Qin Guoyou made a total profit of 1.19 million yuan through high-interest lending.
In 2015, the Liuzhou Municipal Commission for Discipline Inspection interviewed him. When interviewed, he took the initiative to explain the fact that high-interest loans were transferred, but he believed that "this kind of behavior is only engaged in profit-making activities in violation of regulations, and it is enough to carry a punishment, and there is no need to return the illegal income." When the organization department asked him to hand over the illegal income, he refused to hand it over on the grounds that he had no money.
On February 14th, 2019, Qin Guoyou was sentenced to three years’ imprisonment by the People’s Court of Chengzhong District, Liuzhou City, for committing the crime of loaning at a high interest rate, recovering illegal income of 1.19 million yuan and fined 1.5 million yuan.
According to an interview with China Newsweek, many officials at the departmental level are also involved in the problem of high-interest loans. For example, Luo Fuyang, former deputy mayor of Fuzhou City, Jiangxi Province and former director of the Municipal Public Security Bureau, made a profit of more than 6.5 million yuan through illegal lending at high interest rates. Ye Shengkun, former deputy director of the Standing Committee of Meizhou Municipal People’s Congress in Guangdong Province, and Laynamor’s F, former deputy director of the Standing Committee of Yingkou Municipal People’s Congress in Liaoning Province, and other officials who fell off the horse, also mentioned the suspected crime of lending at high interest rates.
Many cases show that there is a complete interest chain in the case of public officials transferring loans at high interest rates. This chain is centered on public officials, down to the enterprises or individuals who actually use this loan, up to the relevant person in charge of the lending financial institution, and there are agents in the middle.
Baoping Li, a researcher at the Institute of Sociology and Law of Ningxia Academy of Social Sciences, said in an interview with the media that the business owners borrowed usury from leading cadres, in addition to the need for capital turnover, and more importantly, in order to maintain the relationship, which can be said to be a disguised form of interest transfer.
The "financial ghost" in the secret chain
"Half-monthly Talk" once commented that in some high-interest lending cases, some leading cadres repeatedly borrowed a large amount of money from banks on the grounds that their houses needed renovation, and the "renovation loans" of millions of dollars obviously exceeded the normal renovation demand. These obvious irrationalities reflected that financial institutions had management loopholes in the use of funds for loans involving public officials.
Why are financial institutions willing to lend to public officials at low interest rates? According to an interview with China News Weekly, because public officials have stable jobs and salaries, they are relatively high-quality customers for financial institutions, so they will formulate corresponding preferential policies for specific groups such as public officials.
An interviewed public official in the political and legal system told China Newsweek that many bank staff even took the initiative to go to his unit to promote credit business. "They took photos of our work documents and asked us to fill out a form, so they could get a loan of 300,000 yuan, or even more, and the loan interest rate would be obviously favorable. Although the salesperson said that the funds could not be used for high-interest loans and other purposes, there was no follow-up management. "
Mao Lixin, executive director of the Criminal Defense Research Center of China University of Political Science and Law and director of Beijing Shangquan Law Firm, told China Newsweek that the frequent occurrence of such cases revealed that financial institutions had certain problems in pre-loan review, loan management and post-loan tracking. In the pre-loan review stage, financial institutions neglected to review their loan contracts because they regarded public officials as "quality customers", and even turned a blind eye; In the process of issuing loans, the direction and practical use of this money were not carefully checked; After lending, it is rarely monitored whether the funds are used according to the agreed purpose.
He said that in such cases, if the financial institution finds that the purpose written in the loan contract is false and continues to lend, the amount is more than 2 million yuan or the direct economic loss is more than 500,000 yuan, the relevant staff of the financial institution is suspected of committing the crime of illegally issuing loans.
Even so, there are still people in charge of financial institutions who play the role of an "inside ghost" for reasons such as the exchange of interests with public officials, and illegally lend money to help public officials make profits through high-interest loans.
In May 2018, the Supervision Committee of Zhengzhou City Commission for Discipline Inspection received a clue from the Supervision Committee of Henan Provincial Commission for Discipline Inspection about Yang Hongwei, deputy mayor of gongyi city, who was suspected of violating the law. Among them, some people reported that Yang Hongwei used his power to obtain large amounts of funds from banks for lending, so as to obtain high interest.
According to the circular, in 2013, Wang Moufan, then director of Beishankou Rural Credit Cooperatives in Gongyi, thanked Yang Hongwei for his help in completing the storage task of the rural credit cooperatives, and agreed with Yang Hongwei to borrow 2 million yuan from Beishankou Rural Credit Cooperatives in the name of his brother Yang Moujun by signing a false contract, and Wang Moufan lent it to a real estate company, and the high interest of 1.02 million yuan obtained was dominated by Yang Hongwei.
According to the circular, Yang Hongwei’s modus operandi is hidden, and whether he borrows money from rural credit cooperatives or enterprises, he does it through "agent" Yang Moujun, while Yang Hongwei gains benefits from stealth.
There are also some principal responsible persons of financial institutions who even steal from themselves and start the business of lending at high interest. Kong Caimei, a former vice president of Yunnan Fudian Bank, was told that although she was paid millions of dollars a year, she was not satisfied, and she was thinking about how to make Qian Shengqian and interest. In the process of approving the loan, she learned that many private entrepreneurs were short of funds, which gave birth to the idea of usury. Kong Caimei borrowed the money she raised at high interest rate, "being a bank president during the day and a banker at night". After investigation, Kong Caimei was suspected of many illegal and criminal acts such as corruption, bribery, and high-interest lending, and the total illegal income was more than 31.8 million yuan.
Peng Xie, the former president of Dianchi Sub-branch of Kunming Branch of China CITIC Bank, first got to know all kinds of people with resources and capital needs as the president of the bank, and cast a net for high-interest lending. Then he negotiated with others to apply for a loan at his own branch and lent it at an annualized income of 15%. Since then, he took advantage of his position to promote the "green light all the way" of the bank loan approval process, turned a blind eye to the forged loan materials, and successfully lent the obtained loans to obtain high profits. After investigation, it used its authority to transfer loans at a high interest rate and made a profit of 710,000 yuan.
Gu Chao, a graduate tutor at Yangzhou University Law School, told China Newsweek that in the case of "inside job stealing" by the principal person in charge of such financial institutions, whether there is greater social harm due to their status will be considered, and comprehensive consideration will be given when sentencing. At the same time, the identity of this group also determines that they may be accused of lending at high interest and illegally issuing loans.
Why are not many people investigated for criminal responsibility?
The crime of loaning at high interest is a new crime in the criminal law in 1997. According to the amount of illegal income from loaning at high interest, the perpetrator will be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than seven years, and fined not less than one time but not more than five times the illegal income.
Wang Xin, a professor at Peking University Law School and vice president of the Financial Legal Behavior Research Association of China Behavioral Law Society, told China Newsweek that the background of this crime was very special. In 1997, there was no crime of lending at high interest in the draft revised criminal law submitted to the National People’s Congress for deliberation. However, during the discussion of the two sessions, some NPC deputies from the banking sector advocated adding this crime. Their reason is that after the loan was issued, many borrowers did not use it for the purpose they claimed when applying, but lent it to others at high interest rates and ate the interest difference.
"These representatives believe that this part of the loan was originally used in projects related to the national economy and people’s livelihood, but it was used in other projects, and it is easy to cause loan risks after lending. In the end, the legislature adopted this proposal and added this crime in the adopted draft. " Wang Xin said.
Gu Chao said that when the crime of high-interest lending was added to the criminal law, all banks in China were owned by the whole people. At that time, the establishment of this crime was also considered from the perspective of the security of state-owned assets and the security of credit funds of financial institutions.
He told China Newsweek that in judicial practice, the crime of loaning at high interest may be mixed with some crimes in the downstream (if some of them are included in the crime of money laundering), and some cases may not be reflected as a separate crime. In addition, some cases are classified and not open to the public, so it is difficult to make statistics on the number of cases involving this crime over the years since its establishment. However, from the public notice, cases involving such crimes are still common in recent years.
Tong Xiaohui, the first-class police chief and public lawyer of Gongshu Branch of Hangzhou Public Security Bureau, said in an interview with China News Weekly that in cases involving high-interest lending, if the high-interest lender pays off the loan within the agreed time and does not cause losses to the bank, it is rarely exposed. Moreover, when such personnel transfer loans at high interest rates, they may not necessarily explain the source of funds to the lending target. "For the economic investigation department of the public security organ, compared with fund-raising fraud and contract fraud, high-interest lending will be more concealed."
Tong Xiaohui said that there are two main types of clues for public security organs to receive high-interest loans: the high-interest lenders did not pay off the bank loans, and the banks took the initiative to report the case after discovering the clues; The Commission for Discipline Inspection and Supervision found clues that public officials involved in high-interest loans and transferred them to public security organs.
A cadre of discipline inspection and supervision in Zhejiang Province told China Newsweek that it is not uncommon for enterprises and public officials to lend at high interest in practice, but not many people are investigated for criminal responsibility for this crime in practice. "Public officials’ duty crimes are under the jurisdiction of the Supervisory Committee, and the crime of lending at high interest is under the jurisdiction of the public security organs. In the face of a large number of high-interest loans, law enforcement officers will not and cannot all be sentenced. If such public officials have a good attitude, the supervisory Committee will generally not transfer clues to the public security and investigate the crime of lending at high interest. "
Many interviewees also said that the public knows most about the crime of accepting bribes and corruption when public officials violate the criminal law, and they have very limited knowledge about the crime of loaning at high interest, which also makes some people unaware that this is an illegal act even if they know that there are people around them. Some interviewees also said that the public officials around him thought that it was normal to transfer loans at high interest rates, and even this was a smart person who could manage money.
In addition, Mao Zhaohui believes that the crime of high-interest lending in criminal law has not been revised so far. With the emergence of some new manifestations in judicial practice, criminal acts have become more complicated, some involving illegal acts and some involving disciplinary acts. Crimes involve a wider range of people, including government, political and legal organs, officials of the financial system, etc., and some also involve agents. He believes that it is necessary to introduce judicial interpretations to further refine different situations.
In real cases, compared with the fact that public officials can usually get loans by virtue of credit, private entrepreneurs often need mortgage loans. The more poorly managed, the more difficult it is for enterprises to get loans. This is also considered to be one of the reasons why private entrepreneurs raise interest rates and transfer loans through channels such as public officials.
Gu Chao has done research, and the loans of business owners are generally mortgage loans, and the total amount of loans will not exceed 60% or 50% of the valuation of real estate or chattel market.
Shen Yufu, the legal representative of Hunan Zhanhong Construction Engineering Investment Co., Ltd., told China Newsweek that in 2009, he was in urgent need of funds because of problems in business operation, and wanted to borrow 10 million yuan from a local bank. Therefore, he mortgaged several sets of his own properties with a total market valuation of about 20 million yuan to the bank, but he still failed to obtain bank loans.
Shen Yufu said that in desperation, he raised interest rates and lent more than 6 million yuan to public officials in Xiangtan’s political and legal system through agents.
Several interviewees, including Wang Xin, told China Newsweek that banks should fully evaluate the actual needs of those at the end of the interest chain of high-interest lending (referring to the "lenders" who finally take over the offer, such as private entrepreneurs), and give them more loan support to make the high-interest lenders lose their existence space.
Mao Zhaohui pointed out that the high-interest lending behavior of public officials involves a wide range and has the characteristics of professionalism and concealment. The crackdown can not only rely on the discipline inspection and supervision organs, but also strengthen the collaborative supervision supported by big data supervision, and investigate and punish it through various forms such as inspections, inspections, discipline inspection and supervision, and auditing.
Recently, "China Discipline Inspection and Supervision Newspaper" issued a document quoting several discipline inspection and supervision cadres, saying that there is still a lack of supervision on high-interest lending. Among them, both the actors repeatedly transfer funds to avoid supervision, and the cooperation channels between relevant departments and financial institutions have not been fully opened, so it is impossible to achieve full coverage supervision.
Wang Xin believes that in the future, banks should strictly examine borrowers, establish a loan credit system, and cancel their future loan qualifications for those involved in high-interest lending. After lending, banks should follow up and supervise the use of loans and punish them in time when problems are found.
According to the article in the China Discipline Inspection and Supervision Newspaper, the supervisory committees of multi-disciplinary committees have taken measures to supervise the high-interest lending behavior of public officials. For example, the relevant person in charge of the Supervision Committee of the Wuhua District Commission for Discipline Inspection in Kunming City, Yunnan Province believes that the discipline inspection and supervision organs should urge the financial supervision departments to perform their duties, strengthen supervision over financial institutions to carry out credit granting for public officials, and strictly examine the use of public officials’ loans. The Supervision Committee of the Commission for Discipline Inspection of Nanping City, Fujian Province, combined with the newly revised "Regulations on Reporting Personal Matters of Leading Cadres", strengthened the briefing and problem investigation of untrustworthy public officials, and investigated whether there were problems of high-interest lending and illegal participation in private lending.
Published in China Newsweek magazine, No.1103, August 7, 2023.
Magazine title: Why do public officials lend money at high interest frequently?
Reporter: Zhou Qunfeng (zhouqunfenghaoren@163.com)
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In order to thoroughly implement the national strategy of integration of defense and civilian technologies’s development, better guide and promote the frontier research and integrated development of China’s military security, and provide an academic and technical research and exhibition platform for experts, scholars, engineers and technicians engaged in research in related fields, as well as related enterprises and institutions, on December 15, 2018, it was jointly sponsored by China Military Industry Society and Shenzhen Security Industry Association. Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Beijing Yihualu Information Technology Co., Ltd., Guangdong Qianhai Akihabara Group, and Zhongku (Beijing) Data System Co., Ltd. co-organized, and the second academic and technical exchange meeting of the Security Committee of China Military Engineering Society was held in Shenzhen.
An Yude, Deputy Secretary General of China Military Industry Society, Yang Jincai, Party Secretary and President of Shenzhen Security Industry Association, Sun Yikai, Chairman of Guangdong Qianhai Akihabara Group, Chairman of China Security System Integration Technology Innovation Industry Alliance and Chairman of Shenzhen Maichi IOT Co., Ltd. attended the meeting and delivered speeches. Qian Linfang, vice president of Nanjing University of Science and Technology, chairman of the Security Committee of China Military Industry Association, Tao Junsheng, former deputy director of the Equipment Finance Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security, Yu Chuanxin, secretary general of integration of defense and civilian technologies Research Center of the Academy of Military Sciences, Wang Fangming, deputy chief engineer of China Military Industry Association, and Zhou Kedong, deputy director and director general of the Security Committee of China Military Industry Association, attended the meeting. More than 300 experts, scholars and business representatives in the fields of military industry and security attended the meeting.
Qian Linfang, chairman of the Security Committee of the Chinese Academy of Military Engineering, made a work report. He summarized the main work and achievements of the Security Committee in 2018 and expounded the work plan of the Security Committee in 2019.
In the work report, Qian Linfang informed the leading guests and delegates attending the meeting about editing and publishing the China Military Security Yearbook (2016-2017 edition), evaluating the design, manufacturing, construction and maintenance capabilities of military security enterprises, evaluating the level of military security practitioners, formulating group standards, and formulating the Articles of Association of the Military Security Industry Alliance. He said that in 2019, the professional security committee will continue to evaluate the design, manufacturing, construction and maintenance capabilities of military security enterprises and the level of military security employees, continue to accept the entrustment of enterprises, institutions and relevant departments, carry out the review and appraisal of security technology and engineering projects, edit and publish the China Military Security Yearbook (2018 edition), carry out investigation and study, and grasp the industry situation. Carry out industry statistics, collect and analyze data, publish industry information, participate in the formulation and revision of national standards and industry standards, comprehensively carry out the work of the military security industry alliance, and continue to provide services for enterprises.
An Yude, Dean of the Military Security Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Military Engineering and Deputy Secretary General of the Chinese Academy of Military Engineering, announced the establishment of the Military Security Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Military Engineering, and announced the establishment of the Shenzhen Branch of the Military Security Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Military Engineering. Subsequently, An Yude presented letters of appointment to Sun Yikai, president of Shenzhen Branch of Military Security Research Institute of China Military Industry Society, and Sun Lijing, vice president.
Dr. Wang Fangming, deputy chief engineer of China Military Industry Society, announced that he had awarded the first-class qualification of Guangdong Shengjie Fire Fighting Enterprise Group and the second-class qualification of Guangzhou Julian Logistics Co., Ltd. and issued certificates. At the same time, he also announced the winners of the second batch of "Professional and Technical Qualification Certificates for Military Security Practitioners" in 2018, and issued certificates to the participants.
At the meeting, the establishment ceremony of the "Military Security Industry Alliance" was also held, and Qian Linfang, the chairman of the industrial alliance, announced the establishment of the alliance. Subsequently, the host read out the appointment list and held an unveiling ceremony.
The list of alliance appointments is as follows: Sha Zhaohe, the rotating chairman of the alliance in 2019; An Chun, the rotating vice chairman of the alliance in 2019; Chairman Qian Linfang; Tao Junsheng, Director of Professional Committee; Zhou Kedong, Deputy Director and Vice Chairman of Professional Committee; Wang Fangming, Secretary-General and Vice Chairman; Vice Chairman Sun Yikai, Feng Zhang, Xu Zhiwei, Liu Hongxi, Li Jianming, Yi Feng, Liang Dehua, Liu Yanhua, Zhu Yaliang, Lv Gang, Shen Weimin and Zhang Yue.
The establishment of the military security industry alliance is of great milestone significance to the technical promotion and industrial development of China’s military security.
At the conference, 18 experts from well-known military fields in China discussed the application achievements of military enterprises and technologies in various fields at this stage. Tao Junsheng, inspector of the Equipment Finance Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security, Wang Fangming, deputy chief engineer of the China Society of Military Engineering, Xing Chunhong, director/professor of the Anti-terrorism Equipment Research Center of the Armed Police Special Police College, Tan Songhui, technical director of Zhongku (Beijing) Data System Co., Ltd., Han Chunxiao, chief engineer of the product department of industry technical experts of Zhejiang Yushi Technology Co., Ltd., Lv Gang, director of Guangdong Jiesite Institute of Audio-visual Data Judicial Appraisal and senior engineer of criminal technology, and Wang Hongtao, deputy general manager of CNNC (Beijing) Ding Hongliang, deputy general manager of Shenzhen Keweitai Industrial Development Co., Ltd., Xiang Husheng, researcher of Armed Police Command College, Chen Jiande, chairman of Huizhou Qiuyeyuan Industrial Co., Ltd. of Guangdong Qianhai Qiuyeyuan Group, Li Yun, general manager of Zhongke Rongtong Enterprise Cooperation Department of Shida Group, Jun Guo, deputy director and senior engineer of Mechanical Engineering Training Center of Beijing University of Technology, and Hu Xiaodong, senior engineer of Xi ‘an Qinghua Civil Blasting Equipment Co., Ltd. Guo Yangchen, technical director of Baotou North Safety Protection Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Gu Shuaibing of Shenzhen University of Technology Equity Investment Management Co., Ltd., Liang Dehua, president and senior engineer of Guangzhou Julian Logistics Co., Ltd., zhangqin, director of research and development department of Shenzhen Tianding Microwave Technology Co., Ltd., Tan Zhengjun, president and senior engineer of production and research department of Zhonglian Zhike High-tech Co., Ltd. and other well-known industry experts and business leaders,From the perspective of the industry, the development trend and application of security in traditional military enterprises, the application in the field of UAV security, AI engineering and the anti-terrorism equipment system for large-scale activities are discussed wonderfully.
After the conference report and exchange, in order to better cooperate and develop, Shenzhen Security Industry Association and China Military Industry Association held a signing ceremony of strategic cooperation agreement.
The meeting was rich in content, and the participants involved military enterprises, scientific research institutes, public security, armed police, colleges and universities, private enterprises and other units. The expert report was forward-looking and detailed. The meeting also took the form of meeting and exhibition, and achieved good results. The convening of this meeting is of great significance for promoting the development of China’s military security industry.