标签归档 西安桑拿会所

State and municipal people’s governments, provincial committees, offices, departments and bureaus:

In order to implement the spirit of the Notice of the General Office of the State Council on Printing and Distributing the Promotion Scheme of Triple Play (Guo Ban Fa [2015] No.65), and comprehensively and orderly promote the triple play of the province’s telecommunications network, radio and television network and Internet, with the consent of the provincial people’s government, we hereby put forward the following opinions on the promotion of triple play in our province:

I. General requirements

Thoroughly implement the spirit of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the 3rd, 4th and 5th Plenary Sessions of the 18th Central Committee, follow the State Council’s overall plan to promote the integration of the three networks, and provide strong support for the province’s economic and social development and improvement of people’s livelihood through the two-way access of radio, television and telecommunications services, promote the interconnection and resource sharing of information network infrastructure, promote industrial transformation, stimulate consumption upgrading, and improve the level of information benefiting the people.

Second, the work objectives

Accelerate the construction process of broadband communication network, next-generation radio and television network and next-generation Internet, new technologies, new products, new formats and new business models to promote triple play are constantly emerging, the standard system and working mechanism of triple play are further improved, and the ability to ensure network information security and cultural security is further enhanced, basically forming a moderately competitive triple play development pattern.

-the goal of network construction. Accelerate the construction of the province’s broadband communication network, the next generation radio and television network and the next generation Internet, and further enhance the network carrying capacity. By 2017, the province’s urban areas will realize optical fiber to the building, and 100% administrative villages will realize optical fiber to the village; The two-way transformation of radio and television networks in urban areas above the county level has been completed; The 4G network realizes full coverage of cities, important places and administrative villages.

-business development goals. Substantial progress has been made in the two-way access of radio and television and telecommunications services in the province, and network information services, cultural products and other integrated business applications based on triple play have become more popular. New business forms such as interactive TV, digital HD and ultra-HD TV and mobile TV have developed rapidly. In accordance with the principle of "one mature and one licensed", we will promote two-way business access. By 2017, the provinces and cities that carry out two-way entry business will strive to reach more than 2/3; The interactive TV business strives to exceed 4 million households.

-industrial development goals. New breakthroughs have been made in the research, development and industrialization of independent innovation technologies related to triple play, and the triple play format in line with the situation of our province has been basically established. Breakthrough has been made in the research, development and industrialization of independent innovation technologies, and a number of core technologies have been mastered, and the innovation ability of products and businesses has been significantly enhanced. Terminal industry, network transmission, software industry, cultural creativity, modern information service and other related industries have made great progress. By 2017, the scale of information consumption and other related industries will reach 100 billion yuan through triple play.

III. Main tasks

(a) to promote the two-way entry of radio and television and telecommunications services throughout the province.

1. Steadily carry out two-way access. In accordance with the requirements of the national "Three Networks Integration Promotion Plan", the two-way entry of radio and television and telecommunications services will be steadily promoted throughout the province. On the basis of doing a good job in two-way entry in Kunming, according to the principle of "one mature and one licensed", the declaration and approval of two-way entry permit will be carried out. Radio and television enterprises can operate value-added telecommunications services, basic telecommunications services managed according to value-added telecommunications services, Internet access services based on cable TV networks, Internet data transmission value-added services and domestic Internet telephony (IP telephony) services on the premise of complying with relevant regulations of telecommunications supervision and meeting relevant safety conditions. Under the supervision of relevant departments, qualified telecom enterprises can engage in the production and production of radio and television programs other than current political programs, the signal transmission of Internet audio-visual programs, the service of broadcasting current political news audio-visual programs, the public Internet audio-visual program service other than radio and television stations, the transmission of interactive Internet TV (IPTV) and the distribution service of mobile TV. Provincial telecommunications, radio and television industry departments in accordance with the relevant policy requirements and business approval authority, accept applications from telecommunications, radio and television enterprises, and simultaneously issue business licenses to qualified enterprises. After the enterprise obtains the license, it can carry out relevant business according to law.(Responsible for Provincial Communications Administration, Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television Bureau and Industry and Information Technology Commission)

2. Accelerate the docking of IPTV integrated broadcast control platform and IPTV transmission system. Under the guidance of the Propaganda Department of the Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television Bureau, radio and television broadcasters should earnestly strengthen and improve the construction and management of IPTV integrated broadcast control platform, and be responsible for the programs.Unified integration and broadcast monitoring and management of electronic program guide (EPG), user terminal, billing, copyright, etc., in which the user terminal and billing management are determined through consultation with telecom enterprises, and the management mode of "double authentication and double billing" is adopted. All the contents of IPTV are integrated by the IPTV integrated broadcast control platform of radio and television broadcasters, and then provided to the IPTV transmission system of telecom enterprises through an interface. Telecom enterprises can provide programs and EPG items, which are uniformly incorporated into the program source and EPG of the integrated broadcast control platform after being reviewed by radio and television broadcasters. Telecom enterprises should actively cooperate and negotiate with radio and television broadcasters on an equal footing, do a good job in docking IPTV transmission system with IPTV integrated broadcast control platform, complete the standardized docking between users of existing telecom IPTV platform and IPTV integrated broadcast control platform of radio and television broadcasters as soon as possible, and clarify the responsibilities of both parties to ensure the normal provision and transmission of program content and the normal viewing of existing users. On the premise of ensuring broadcast safety, radio and television broadcasters will gradually access high-quality live broadcast resources at all levels by building and improving IPTV converged broadcast control platform, based on aggregating massive video content of broadcast control licensees and content providers, and provide users with multimedia digital TV services with high-definition and ultra-high-definition video and value-added services through telecom enterprises’ optical broadband and intelligent digital set-top boxes, as well as 4G networks and mobile terminals. At the same time, they can explore various cooperative business models with relevant telecom enterprises.(Provincial Party Committee Propaganda Department, Provincial Communications Administration, Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television Bureau, etc.)

3. Strengthen industry supervision. The competent departments of telecommunications, radio and television industries shall, in accordance with the principles of openness, transparency, fairness and justice, strengthen the supervision and management of telecommunications, radio and television enterprises, standardize their business practices, and maintain a good industrial order. The competent department of telecommunications industry should strengthen the management of network interconnection, service quality, universal service, equipment access to the network and network information security of enterprises engaged in telecommunications business in accordance with the requirements of relevant policies and regulations on telecommunications supervision; The competent department of radio and television industry should strengthen the management of business planning, business access, operation supervision, content safety, program broadcasting, service quality, public service, equipment access and interconnection of radio and television enterprises in accordance with the requirements of relevant policies and regulations on radio and television management. The Provincial Commission of Industry and Information Technology, the Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television Bureau and the Communications Administration should urge the licensed areas to fully implement two-way access, promote the actual entry and normal operation of relevant enterprises, enrich the broadcast content and improve the service level. Telecom and broadcasting enterprises should cooperate with each other and complement each other’s advantages to promote the rapid development of two-way access services.(Responsible for the Provincial Commission of Industry and Information Technology, Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television Bureau and Communications Administration)

(2) Accelerate the construction, transformation and overall planning of broadband networks.

1. Accelerate the construction of the next generation radio and television network. Accelerate the integration of terrestrial digital TV coverage network, high-definition interactive TV network facilities, next-generation radio and television two-way wireless network (NGB-W) and wired wireless satellites, and accelerate the popularization of high-definition interactive TV and the scale-up of broadband services. Adopt ultra-high speed intelligent optical fiber transmission switching and coaxial cable transmission technology to accelerate the construction of the next generation radio and television network. Build the next generation broadband access network of radio and television, make full use of the advantages of massive downlink broadband and indoor multi-information point distribution of radio and television network to meet the needs of different users’ access bandwidth. Accelerate the construction of broadband network backbone nodes and data centers, improve the ability of network traffic dredging, and fully support Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6). Accelerate the construction of a converged business platform and improve the ability to support triple play services. Give full play to the role of information infrastructure of CATV network, promote the innovation of CATV triple play service, and comprehensively improve the service quality and end-user experience of CATV network.(Provincial Party Committee Propaganda Department, led by the Provincial Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television Bureau; Provincial Development and Reform Commission, Industry and Information Technology Commission, Finance Department and other cooperation)

2. Accelerate the construction of telecom broadband networks. Implement the "Broadband China" Yunnan special action project, speed up the construction of optical fiber network, and comprehensively improve the network technology level and business carrying capacity. The newly-built urban areas mainly build fiber access networks in the mode of fiber-to-the-home, and the built areas can adopt various ways to speed up the transformation of "light entering copper retreating". Expand the coverage of broadband network in rural areas, and increase the proportion of broadband and optical fiber access in administrative villages. Accelerate the upgrading of Internet backbone nodes, improve the ability of network traffic dredging, and the backbone network fully supports IPv6. Accelerate the construction of business application platform and improve the ability to support triple play services.(Provincial Communications Administration takes the lead; Provincial Development and Reform Commission, the Department of Finance and other cooperation)

3. Strengthen overall network planning and co-construction and sharing. We will continue to do a good job in the overall planning of the upgrading and transformation of telecommunications transmission networks and radio and television transmission networks, make full use of existing information infrastructure, innovate the mode of co-construction, sharing and cooperation, promote resource conservation, and promote the efficient use of network resources. Strengthen the co-construction and sharing of network resources in rural areas and strive to narrow the "digital divide".(Provincial Communications Administration and Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television Bureau take the lead; Provincial Industry and Information Technology Commission, Development and Reform Commission, Finance Department, SASAC, etc.)

(3) Strengthen the supervision of network information security and cultural security.

1. Improve the regulatory capacity of new media. Combined with the implementation of major cultural reform and development projects in our province, we will promote the construction of new media integrated broadcast control platform. Explore effective ways for the Party to manage the media under the triple play, improve relevant management systems and working mechanisms, and ensure the broadcast content and transmission safety. Improve the management of Internet information services, focus on strengthening the management of current political news information, improve the access, annual inspection and exit mechanism of news websites, strictly regulate the management of editing and broadcasting of Internet information content, improve the monitoring and investigation mechanism of daily news information, carry out special rectification actions of harmful information on the Internet, and build a clear cyberspace.(Provincial Party Committee Propaganda Department, Provincial Network Information Office, Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television Bureau, Communications Administration Bureau, Public Security Department, etc.)

2. Strengthen content supervision. In accordance with the national requirements for the supervision of triple play, we will speed up the construction of the supervision platform for triple play in our province, and by 2017, we will complete the construction of the supervision platform for network information security and audio-visual programs of radio and television information networks in our province.(Provincial Communications Administration and Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television Bureau take the lead; Provincial Development and Reform Commission, Industry and Information Technology Commission, Finance Department, Public Security Department, Security Department, etc.)

The network information security supervision platform includes Internet access service supervision subsystem, IP telephone supervision subsystem, network security supervision subsystem, information security supervision subsystem and external service management subsystem. Based on the accurate Internet basic information database, monitoring and management equipment is set up at key network nodes and network gateways. According to the needs of security control, the text, pictures, voice, multimedia and other information of telecommunication network, Internet and radio and television network are monitored, extracted, analyzed and processed from the content level and message level, and network security risks such as viruses and Trojans are monitored and handled accordingly, and relevant basic data and process data are deeply counted, analyzed and mined.

The audio-visual program supervision platform of radio and television information network includes Internet (including mobile Internet) audio-visual program supervision, mobile TV and other intelligent terminal audio-visual program supervision, IPTV program content supervision, Internet TV supervision, audio-visual new media supervision cloud service platform and other supervision systems, and comprehensively supervises the three-network integrated audio-visual service. Deploy data collection and monitoring systems in the integrated broadcast control, transmission and distribution of programs, user reception and other links to enhance the search and discovery ability, monitor the broadcast of audio-visual programs in various transmission networks in real time, discover and investigate illegal audio-visual programs and illegal information in time, and ensure safe broadcast.

3. Improve the level of safety protection. In accordance with the principles of territorial management and who is in charge, who is responsible for management, who approves and supervises, and who runs the network and pipe network, we will improve the coordination mechanism for network information security and cultural security.

Enterprises should improve the network information security protection management system and technical measures, establish working mechanisms, implement security responsibilities, formulate emergency plans, and regularly carry out security evaluation, risk assessment and emergency drills in accordance with the requirements of the national information security level protection system and industry network security related policies. We will establish an information security technical support system that prevents in advance, blocks in the process, and traces back afterwards, implement the management system of real-name registration, domain name information registration, and retention of internal and external network address correspondence for users accessing Internet websites, mobile phones, and cable TV, strengthen the sharing of resources and information, and provide technical support for relevant departments to perform their duties according to law. Strengthen the security assessment of new technologies and services before the triple play, eliminate major security risks in time, and enhance the ability to prevent hacking, information tampering, program interruption and network paralysis under the triple play.(Provincial Public Security Department, Communications Administration, Security Department, State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television Bureau, Network Office, etc.)

Relevant departments at the provincial level should improve the network security monitoring and emergency management mechanism, formulate and implement emergency plans for major network security incidents, strengthen daily monitoring, find new situations and problems in security in time, take effective measures to deal with them properly, and report major network security incidents in a timely, objective and accurate manner. Set up a provincial three-network integration safety assessment team, regularly carry out safety assessments on key technologies and links such as infrastructure and content services, and demonstrate and coordinate solutions to major safety issues.(Provincial Party Committee Propaganda Department, Provincial Science and Technology Department, Industry and Information Technology Commission, Communications Administration, Public Security Department, Security Department, Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television Bureau, Network Office, etc.)

(4) Effectively promote the development of related industries.

1. Accelerate the development of emerging businesses. Further explore and grasp the development direction of new business. Encourage radio and television, telecommunications enterprises and other content services and value-added service enterprises to make full use of the favorable conditions of triple play, focus on broadband network construction, content business innovation and popularization and application of users, and promote the industrialization of key equipment, software and systems through the development of broadband services of mobile multimedia radio and television, IPTV, mobile TV and cable TV networks and other converged services, promote the combination of triple play and related industry applications, and spawn new economic growth points.(Provincial Development and Reform Commission, Science and Technology Department, Communications Administration, State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television Bureau, Network Office, etc.)

Vigorously develop emerging cultural industries such as digital publishing, interactive new media and mobile multimedia, and promote the consumption of digital cultural content such as animation games, digital music and online artworks. Strengthen the development of digital cultural content products and services, build a platform for digital content production, conversion, processing and delivery, and encourage all kinds of online cultural enterprises to produce information content products that promote the main theme, stimulate positive energy and publicize socialist core values.(Provincial Party Committee Propaganda Department, Provincial Communications Administration, State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television Bureau, Network Office, etc.)

2. Promote R&D and manufacturing of key information technology products for triple play. Focusing on key areas such as optical transmission and optical access, next-generation Internet and next-generation broadcast TV network, we will support the research and development and industrialization of high-end optoelectronic devices, access technologies and key equipment based on cable TV networks, IPTV and digital TV smart set-top boxes, Internet TV and its supporting applications, operating systems, multi-screen interactive technologies, content delivery systems and information security systems.(Provincial Development and Reform Commission, Science and Technology Department, Communications Administration, Public Security Department, Security Department, State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television Bureau, etc.)

Accelerate the research and innovation of key technologies such as higher-speed optical fiber access, ultra-high-speed and large-capacity optical transmission and networking, and the next-generation World Wide Web, strengthen the research on triple play security technologies, products and control methods, and strengthen the layout and standard formulation of independent intellectual property rights. Support radio and television, telecommunications operating units and related product manufacturing enterprises to cooperate through customization and centralized procurement, so as to promote the competitiveness of smart terminal products.(Provincial Development and Reform Commission, Science and Technology Department, Communications Administration, Public Security Department, Security Department, State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, Quality Supervision Bureau, Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television Bureau, etc.)

3. Create a healthy and orderly market environment. Establish a cooperative competition mechanism between basic telecom operators and radio and television enterprises, Internet enterprises, information content providers, etc., standardize enterprise management behavior and price charging behavior, strengthen tariff supervision, and maintain a fair and healthy market environment. Encourage telecommunications, radio and television enterprises and other content services and value-added service enterprises to strengthen cooperation and cooperation, innovate industrial forms and marketing models, encourage the creation of triple play related industry alliances, pool related industries and upstream and downstream resources to jointly promote the maturity and development of the industrial chain, and promote the rapid industrialization of innovative achievements.(Provincial Development and Reform Commission, Communications Administration, State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television Bureau, etc.)

Fourth, safeguard measures

(1) Strengthen organizational leadership. Governments at all levels should fully understand the significance of triple play, earnestly strengthen organizational leadership and overall planning, implement work responsibilities, and carry out work in a down-to-earth manner to ensure the completion of various objectives and tasks in the promotion stage. Relevant departments should, under the leadership of the provincial three-network integration coordination group, do a good job in leading the promotion, communication and coordination, strengthen guidance and follow-up, timely solve problems encountered in the promotion work, and jointly promote all work.(Provincial Commission of Industry and Information Technology, Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television Bureau, Communications Administration Bureau, and the people’s governments of the states and municipalities are responsible)

(two) improve the management laws and regulations of radio and television and telecommunications industry. Combined with the national policies related to triple play and the new situation and new problems in the development of triple play in our province, we will implement the national laws, regulations and policies related to the management of radio, television and telecommunications industries, establish and improve the management regulations and systems of radio, television and telecommunications industries in our province, and provide policies and regulations for the two-way access of triple play.(Provincial Communications Administration, Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television Bureau, etc.)

(3) Implementing relevant support policies. Use national and provincial science and technology plans (special projects, funds, etc.) and related industry development projects to support the research and development and industrialization of common key technologies and products of triple play and promote business innovation. Incorporate the application of triple play business into the category of modern service industry, vigorously develop information resources, and actively innovate content products and business forms. Earnestly implement the telecom universal service compensation policy, and actively promote and support the development of rural broadband networks. Give policy support to product development, network construction, business application and promotion in rural areas related to triple play.(Provincial Party Committee Propaganda Department, Provincial Development and Reform Commission, Science and Technology Department, Industry and Information Technology Commission, Communications Administration, Finance Department, Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television Bureau, Network Office, etc.)

(four) to improve the level of information network infrastructure construction. Urban and rural planning and construction should reserve the required pipeline channels, venues, computer rooms, power facilities, etc. for telecommunication networks and radio and television networks, and all kinds of municipal infrastructure and public service places should be open to telecommunication networks and radio and television networks, and provide convenience for network construction and maintenance.(Provincial Development and Reform Commission, Industry and Information Technology Commission, Communications Administration, Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television Bureau, Housing and Urban-Rural Construction Department, Transportation Department, responsible for the people’s governments of the states and municipalities)

(5) Improve the security system. Increase policy support such as fund implementation, strengthen work capacity building, and improve the information security and cultural security guarantee system of triple play network. Improve the safety management ability of relevant industry authorities, accelerate the establishment and improvement of supervision platform, and effectively safeguard network information security and cultural security.(Provincial Industry and Information Technology Commission, Development and Reform Commission, Finance Department, Communications Administration, Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television Bureau, Public Security Department, Security Department, Network Office, etc.)

General Office of Yunnan Provincial People’s Government

April 14, 2016

(This article is published publicly)

From 1750 to 2050, the world will completely "enter the city".

Affected by the decline in the average competitiveness of cities in China, the United States and Europe, the average competitiveness of global cities declined slightly during the reporting period this year.

At the same time, the world needs to attach great importance to the severe challenges and solutions of municipal financing. According to Addis Ababa Action Agenda (UN 2015B), improving municipal finance is a global priority.

On the afternoon of November 12th, the fourth research report, Global Urban Competitiveness Report 2019-2020: The World Entering Cities in 300 Years, was officially released in Ningbo.

By convention, this report ranks the economic competitiveness and sustainable competitiveness of 1006 cities around the world.

Among them, 20 cities in China are among the top 100 in economic competitiveness, and Shenzhen leads with the fourth place in the world. Among the top 100 sustainable competitiveness, only nine China cities are on the list, and it is worth mentioning that Shenzhen ranks among the top 20 for the first time.

Shenzhen Image Source: Photo Network

In addition, this report also puts forward a new global city classification standard, adopts hierarchical clustering method to cluster and analyze the centrality index of 1006 sample cities, and divides the sample cities into three layers, including 2 categories, 5 groups and 10 levels.

The first class is a global city (a); The second is an international hub city (b); The third is an international gateway city (c); The fourth is the regional hub city (D); The fifth is the regional gateway city (E).

The results show that there are three A+ cities as global cities, namely new york, London and Tokyo. There are two A grades, Beijing and Paris, which "show that the global urban system is undergoing important changes and China has become an important pole in the world".

Economic competitiveness

Cities in northern China have fallen more.

What is global urban competitiveness?

According to the report, it refers to a city’s ability to attract, compete, own and control factors and markets, create more, faster, more efficient and more sustainable value and provide welfare for its residents in the process of global cooperation and competition.

The report shows that due to the decline in the average competitiveness of cities in China, the United States and Europe, the average competitiveness of global cities has declined slightly. This also indicates that if the trade war between major countries continues, it will not only weaken the competitiveness of cities in each country, but also weaken the competitiveness of global cities.

Top 20 global cities’ economic competitiveness in 2019

Source: China Academy of Social Sciences Urban and Competitiveness Index Database.

Among the top 20, North America has 9 seats, Asia has 8 seats and Western Europe has 3 seats. Overall, the top 20 cities in the world are fiercely competitive, and their rankings have changed significantly. Fourteen cities have changed, with the largest change of four rankings. Global comprehensive centers and science and technology centers have generally improved, while professional cities and manufacturing centers have generally declined.

From the ranking of global economic competitiveness of China cities, it can be seen that the overall ranking rises less and falls more, while the average value drops, and the specific ranking has a remarkable Matthew effect. From the index, the overall level has declined and the gap between cities has narrowed. Regionally, cities in the eastern and central regions rose more and fell less, while other cities fell more and rose less.

According to the report, five cities in China rank among the top 20, namely Shenzhen 4th, Shanghai 10th, Hong Kong 13th, Beijing 17th and Guangzhou 18th. Compared with last year, Shanghai rose 3 places, Beijing rose 2 places, Hong Kong fell 2 places, Guangzhou fell 4 places, and Shanghai surpassed Hong Kong.

There are 20 cities in the top 100, in addition to the above five cities, including:

Suzhou (25), Nanjing (42), Wuhan (43), Taipei (44), Chengdu (54), Hangzhou (64), Wuxi (65), Changsha (68), Qingdao (76), Chongqing (81), Tianjin (82) and Foshan (88).

Compared with last year’s ranking, Ningbo rose 11 places, Hangzhou rose 10 places, Qingdao and Foshan rose 9 places, Changzhou rose 8 places, Chengdu rose 6 places, Zhengzhou rose 5 places, Nanjing and Changsha rose 3 places, Suzhou and Taipei rose 2 places, while Tianjin fell 40 places.

Zooming into the top 200 in the world, 39 China cities were shortlisted this time, with Taizhou, Xi ‘an, Fuzhou and Dongguan ranking greatly improved, while Shenyang and Dalian dropped by 30 and 60 respectively.

According to the report, in terms of spatial distribution, cities with rising global urban competitiveness are mainly distributed in the west coast cities of the United States at 100 W, western European cities at 20 E and hancheng city, China and Japan at 110 ~ 140 E, and their latitudes are concentrated between 25 ~ 55 N. At the same time, "cities in northern China and eastern Europe have dropped more, while those in southern China and India have generally increased more".

Sustainable competitiveness

Asia has the most finalists in the top 200 cities.

In terms of sustainable competitiveness, the top 20 cities basically include the major cities in the world and the central cities of developed countries, among which five cities in the United States were selected, nine in Europe and six in Asia.

Top 20 global sustainable competitiveness in 2019

Source: China Academy of Social Sciences Urban and Competitiveness Index Database.

According to the report, the top 20 cities almost represent the characteristics and development of the country where they are located. "These top world cities can already be regarded as symbols of the development and achievements of the whole country."

As far as the top 200 cities are concerned, Asia has the largest number of cities and Europe has the highest average.

Among them, 65 cities in Asia were shortlisted, indicating that Asia, as the fastest-growing region in the world, has a strong upward trend, but at the same time, we can also see that the average value of the top 200 cities in Asia is low, and the sustainable competitiveness needs to be further improved. In North America and Europe, 60 cities and 58 cities respectively entered the top 200. Among them, the average sustainable competitiveness of European cities is the highest, and the quality of urban development is worthy of recognition.

The report also makes a comparative analysis of the top ten urban agglomerations in the world. It is found that the strength of urban agglomerations in the United States and Britain is outstanding. Although the urban agglomerations in developing countries such as China and India are large in scale, the gap between the central cities and surrounding cities is large and the development is uneven.

It is worth noting that because there are fewer cities in the cluster,The average sustainable competitiveness index of Seoul urban agglomeration ranks first in the world.. Among the European urban agglomerations,Rhine-Ruhr urban agglomeration has the smallest standard deviation.It shows the balance of urban development in old western European countries.

As far as China cities are concerned, the report believes that the sustainable competitiveness is steadily improving, and the average value is close to the global average, and the balance is better than the global average.

According to the data, two cities in China entered the top 20 this year, among which Hongkong ranked seventh in the world and Shenzhen ranked 19th in the world.

In addition, seven cities have entered the top 100 in the world:

Taipei (23), Shanghai (29), Beijing (38), Suzhou (58), Guangzhou (67), Nanjing (83) and Xiamen (94).

Another 22 cities live between 101 and 200:

Wuxi (103), Tianjin (108), Foshan (109), Taichung (110), Dongguan (121), Wuhan (122), Kaohsiung (124), Hangzhou (130), Chengdu (143), Qingdao (144) and Macau (144).

Urban sustainable development

Housing burden and production and consumption patterns are common shortcomings.

In fact, in the process of global rapid urbanization, urban sustainable development has become one of the most important issues, which has attracted wide attention from all walks of life around the world.

For example, as mentioned at the beginning of the article."Addis Ababa Action Agenda"Is an important achievement of the third United Nations International Conference on Financing for Development.

In July 2015, delegates from 193 United Nations Member States reached an agreement on global financial reform and adopted the above-mentioned document through negotiations. The then UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon commented that this agreement is a key step forward in the process of building a sustainable future for all, and it provides a global framework for financing sustainable development.

Interestingly, this report has further strengthened the concern for sustainable development.It is the first time to try to measure the implementation progress of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals from the perspective of urban sustainable competitiveness.

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are committed to eradicating poverty, protecting the earth and ensuring peace and prosperity for mankind through concerted action. This goal was put forward in September 2015, aiming at guiding all member countries to thoroughly solve the development problems in social, economic and environmental dimensions in a comprehensive way in the 15 years from 2015 to 2030, and move towards the road of sustainable development.

The report found that almost all countries or cities have shortcomings in their sustainable development goals to varying degrees.

In South America, the goals of clean energy, sustainable production and consumption and climate action are better than the world average, while others are equal to or lower than the global average.

Asian cities are better than the world average in terms of zero hunger, drinking water and sanitation, underwater creatures, land creatures, peace and justice, and the rest are equal to or lower than the global average.

Image source: photo network

The implementation level of most sustainable development goals in European cities is much higher than the global average, but they face great challenges in climate action and sustainable consumption and production.

North America has made good progress as a whole, but its performance in climate action and peace and justice needs to be improved.

Most indicators of the sustainable development goals of African cities are far below the world average, and only a few indicators perform well.

Specifically, item 11 of the sustainable development goal puts forward "building inclusive, safe, disaster-resistant and sustainable cities and human settlements". The monitoring results of this goal show that:Housing burden, social equity, heritage protection, production and consumption patterns and social security are the common shortcomings of urban sustainable development goals.

Ni Pengfei, the report leader, director of the Center for Urban and Competitiveness Research of China Academy of Social Sciences, and chief urban economist of the joint research group of China Academy of Social Sciences and UN-Habitat, said that at the request of the United Nations, starting from this year, the implementation progress of the global sustainable development goals will be evaluated from the perspective of cities every year to determine the progress of cities around the world in achieving the United Nations 2030 goals.

Global city classification

Beijing ranks among the "global cities", and Chengdu and Nanjing are eye-catching.

Grading global cities is a highlight of this report.

"Urban classification is an issue of special concern to the whole world. Some international institutions have done research before. This year, we and UN-Habitat have formulated a new research standard to evaluate 1006 cities around the world." Ni Pengfei said.

This assessment consideredUrban agglomeration and connectivity.Among them, the degree of agglomeration refers to the number of elements of a city’s agglomeration; Connectivity refers to the relationship between a city and other cities in the urban system.

Global urban classification index system

Image source: Economic Daily

As a global city, there are three A+ cities, new york, London and Tokyo. There are two A grades, Beijing and Paris;

As an international hub city: the number of B+ cities is 3, including Seoul, Shanghai and Chicago; There are 26 B grades, mainly including: Singapore, Hong Kong, Sydney, Dublin, Munich, Toronto, Osaka, etc.

As an international gateway city, the number of C+ cities is 29, mainly including Melbourne, Buenos Aires, Dubai, Warsaw and Copenhagen.

Judging from the intercontinental distribution of different levels of cities, there are obvious differences between the north and the south in the global urban system, and the north still has absolute advantages; From the perspective of national distribution of cities with different levels, cities in developed countries have performed better in the global urban system. However, cities in developing countries, such as China and Indian, are rising rapidly.

Look back to China.Beijing is the only city in developing countries that has been shortlisted for Class A..As a global city, Beijing ranks fourth in the city-level score, with its agglomeration and connectivity ranking 5 and 2 respectively, and Beijing has outstanding advantages in connectivity; Among them, hard contact ranks second, soft contact ranks fourth, and Beijing is particularly outstanding in hard contact.

Image source: photo network

Look at Shanghai again. Shanghai is rated as B+ and is an international hub city. Its city-level score ranks seventh, among which the degree of agglomeration and the degree of connection rank 9 and 8 respectively. However, the development of its soft connection and hard connection are not balanced, ranking 27 and 7 respectively, and the soft connection is relatively "slow".

Among the C cities, 22 China cities were selected. There are four C+ s-Guangzhou (40), Shenzhen (42), Chengdu (59) and Nanjing (60). It is worth noting that Nanjing has achieved "breakthrough" among the cities in the Yangtze River Delta.

While the other 18 cities got C grade, among which Hangzhou (66), Wuhan (69), Tianjin (73), Chongqing (76), Xi ‘an (77) and Qingdao (96) all scored in the top 100 cities in the world.

"Generally speaking, C+ cities in China have more advantages in soft agglomeration, and most C-level cities also have advantages in soft agglomeration." The report pointed out.

On the whole, China cities perform better in agglomeration, but there are shortcomings in connection.According to the report, the only city with high connectivity in China is Beijing, while the number of cities with medium connectivity and low connectivity is 10 and 280 respectively. "In terms of hard and soft connectivity, most cities in China still need to improve".

Cities of Grade C and above in China

Source: China Academy of Social Sciences Urban and Competitiveness Index Database.

Text │ Zhu Meijie Yu Ruijun

Original title: "Global City Competitiveness List, Perspective on the Real Strength of China City"