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　　CCTV News:Nowadays, the network world is vast and wonders. In terms of insurance types, "wonderful risks" such as exams and stickers are also emerging one after another. How much do you know about these various internet insurances? The China Insurance Regulatory Commission has issued risk warnings, and some types of insurance even have the nature of gambling and are suspected of gambling.

　　Network insurance set off a craze "wonderful insurance" came into being.

　　Before the advent of the Internet, most insurance policies covered a long period, usually in years or at least in months. However, with the popularity of smart phones, users can buy insurance products conveniently and quickly at any time and any place, and the acquisition and sales costs of insurance companies are also greatly reduced.

　　Since 2016, the online platform has set off an "insurance boom". In the main gathering areas of Internet insurance, there are not only traditional insurance online, such as account insurance, auto insurance, travel insurance, health insurance and accident insurance, but also the representative products of Internet innovative insurance — — E-commerce insurance.

　　In addition, all kinds of "exotic risks" have sprung up. There are love insurance, food insurance, acne insurance for young people, overtime insurance, lottery insurance, illegal sticker insurance for office workers, and even insurance for forgetting to wear long trousers, preventing small accidents and helping the elderly, which surprised many people.

　　The underwriting process of product promotion is not standardized.

　　In July 2017, the Inspection Bureau of the China Insurance Regulatory Commission notified six typical Internet risk cases within the insurance industry. Among them, an insurance regulatory bureau in a certain place found that many well-known domestic online travel service companies with the qualification of third-party online insurance platform had problems such as nonstandard naming of insurance products, incomplete information disclosure, lack of insurance underwriting review, and failure to provide insurance documents in the process of promoting products and underwriting.

　　Some insurance products attract people’s attention when they are advertised and sold, such as "marriage insurance", "check-out insurance", "helping the elderly" and "Xiong Haizi insurance", but their essence is still accident insurance and liability insurance. These insurance products, whose names are simplified at will, are not only inconsistent with the regulatory requirements, but also ambiguous or misleading, which can easily lead to consumer disputes.

　　In addition, its underwriting process is not standardized. The underwriting interface of some third-party online sales platforms is relatively simple. You only need to enter the basic information of the insured or the insured to complete the insurance and the contract will come into effect. The insurance process has not gone through the underwriting procedures of the insurance company, and the important insurance clauses such as exemption clauses have not been explained or informed. The relevant insurance companies did not actively provide consumers with valid insurance vouchers and charging vouchers, but only informed consumers of the effectiveness of the policy and the amount of charges by SMS.

　　"Wonderful Insurance" is risky or suspected of fraudulent fund-raising gambling.

　　In fact, "wonderful insurance" itself also has many risks.

　　First of all, these insurance types may be suspected of fraud and illegal fund-raising, because the insurance types are not developed and sold by insurance institutions, and the insurance policies have no legal effect;

　　Second, because the "target" of insurance has no rules to follow, and the pricing and terms are not supported by risk data, buying such insurance is suspected of online gambling with gambling nature;

　　Third, the "exotic insurance" products may not be worthy of the name, which will damage the rights and interests of consumers if the terms are unclear and the relevant information disclosure of insurance institutions is incomplete and insufficient;

　　Finally, personal information may be lost or leaked, because the network "Qiqi Insurance" will put customers’ private data on the public "cloud" server, and sometimes there may be improper maintenance of its own information system.

　　The main purpose of analyzing "exotic insurance" in the industry is to "catch the eye". After all, the cake in the insurance market is so big, and most of it has been occupied by large insurance companies. Small insurance companies that can’t get the cake can only take a slant and launch some products that other insurance companies don’t have to grab market segments.

　　Lawyer’s statement: Strictly speaking, it is a "gambling agreement"

　　In view of the essence of "exotic insurance", people in the legal profession believe that in a strict sense, such a transaction cannot be called "insurance", but a gambling agreement based on personal wishes. And "Qiqi Insurance" has no insurance policy, and the online shop is a kind of existence between virtual and reality. Consumers get more verbal promises. Once the "compensation" is not implemented, it is often difficult to defend the rights of such small disputes to virtual existence.

　　 ● Regional restrictions on insurance coverage

　　The products purchased by insurance companies in official website are mostly restricted by regions, and cross-regional services may not be realized due to regional economic conditions and the establishment of branches of insurance companies. And some products are special products for specific regions, and even some products are different in different regions, and the insured amount is different. In addition, the insured area is not available in the whole country, and generally does not include Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan.

　　● Effective time of policy.

　　The protection provided by insurance will be effective only after the policy comes into effect, but the effective time of Internet insurance is not uniform, and some funds will take effect immediately after successful transfer, such as flight extension insurance. Some are the same as traditional insurance, and the contract is established, and the first premium is successfully deducted and the insurance policy is issued at 0: 00 the next day, while others need to wait a few days. After online insurance, we should pay attention to whether the policy is issued successfully and the specific effective time of the policy after it is issued successfully.

　　● Health insurance medical treatment restrictions

　　Health insurance (critical illness, medical insurance, etc.) is required for medical hospitals, usually public hospitals with level 2 or above. Some products will increase the number of other medical institutions recognized by insurance companies, and only in these places can you get a claim for medical treatment. Some products will clearly list the hospitals that do not pay for medical treatment, which is subject to the insurance instructions of the insured products.

　　● Small self-service claims

　　There are two ways to claim compensation for Internet insurance. One is to call the insurance company to report the case and prepare the materials to apply for compensation at the company counter, just like the insurance purchased through traditional channels. The other is to upload the materials to the Internet and apply for compensation directly through the insurance company official website or official WeChat. For small claims, different products and different insurance platforms have different limits. If the amount of claims meets the relevant conditions, you can upload information on the mobile terminal to make self-help claims.

　　　　China Economic Times News: The so-called publicity, according to the German philosopher Habermas, is the public sphere-"First of all, it means a field of our social life, in which things like public opinions can be formed." It is "a field between private field and public authority, in which the public judges public authority, its policies and other issues of common concern." In this public space, it can not only integrate and express the views formed by folk demands and spread them, but also make public power accept supervision and restraint from the people.

　　　　Then, why is the real estate market in China a public issue? This should be understood from the following three aspects: the talent of individual residence right; The relevance of the interests of most citizens; State ownership of land in China. This is the premise and foundation of the development of China real estate market.

　　　　China real estate market is not only a pure private goods market, but also a market with a considerable degree of public products. First of all, judging from the talent of individual residence right, the publicity of real estate means that the basic residence right of every citizen in China has fundamental priority. This is a self-evident axiom of the existence and development of the real estate market. Because, every citizen’s right to live is the basic symbol of modern civilized society, and it is also the basic right of every citizen. For example, in the recent the State Council Document No.24 on solving the problem of urban low-income residents, there are also clear provisions on this, which also affirmed that real estate is an important livelihood issue. The development of the real estate market is to improve the living conditions of residents and improve the housing welfare level. Under such an axiomatic system, the legal system, development model, operation rules, interest distribution and adjustment of China’s real estate market can only be established, extended and expanded on this basis. Document No.24 of the State Council is a rectification of previous policies, but it is not enough to define the housing security system for low-income urban residents, because the right to live is not the patent of low-income residents, but the right of every China citizen.

　　　　The publicity of China real estate market is also reflected in the interests of most citizens. Because, as a socialist country, China’s economic development, such as the development of real estate, is not only to pursue the level of GDP and how much output value the real estate will increase, but to see whether it is in line with the interests of the overwhelming majority of people and whether it will increase the housing level of all China people. If our real estate market is only the market of the rich and serves only a few people, then it is completely contrary to the interests of the public. For example, at present, the rapidly rising housing prices in China have pushed more than 80% low-and middle-income people out of the real estate market. As some researchers have pointed out, at present, China’s per capita income is only 1/23 of that of the United States, but it has to bear the housing price several times higher than that of the United States.

　　　　The publicity of China real estate market also lies in the state ownership of land. People have the right to transfer or recover state-owned land, to share the value-added of land together, and to share the premium of land attachments. However, as far as the current situation is concerned, due to the immature development of the factor market in China, the unclear definition of government power in institutional rules and the defects in the land management system, state-owned land has become a tool for a few people to make profits and an important way for a few people to plunder the interests of the vast majority.

　　　　In the process of unprecedented urbanization and infrastructure construction in China, all the value-added of land and real estate is very huge, which is closely related to the government’s expenditure on urban infrastructure and services, and the government’s investment is capitalized into the price of real estate. If this huge land and real estate appreciation is not treated and recovered in an institutionalized way, it will not only cause serious unfair distribution of wealth in the whole society, but also lead to the "loss" of state-owned assets.

　　　　Therefore, since the housing problem is a major livelihood issue first, the government should consider it as a major public issue. The real estate problem is faced with all Chinese people. Because of class, wealth income level, preference for housing demand and different living culture, it is impossible for its policies to meet the different needs of all people without adopting public decision-making methods.

　　　　In recent years, the government has made more and more macro-control on the real estate market, but the effect is getting worse. The key point is that the government departments have always regarded China real estate market as a private goods market. In this case, the real estate policy can’t adopt a democratic and scientific agenda setting of public policy, but it is only determined by a few elites of a few government departments, and even set by a few elites captured by special interest groups. This makes it impossible for China’s real estate market to reach the balance of interests of relevant stakeholders.

　　　　Secondly, the publicity of the real estate market in China is also reflected in the problem of how to allocate the huge wealth premium in the process of capitalization of the real estate market. There are both land premiums and land attachments. If the real estate market is only regarded as a private product, then this huge wealth that should belong to the people of the whole country will be regarded as the result of the management of real estate developers and local governments, and will easily flow into the hands of a few people.

　　　　Earlier, real estate developers were able to transfer a lot of land from the government at a very low price, and hoard these land, even hoarding real estate to push up housing prices. From the market point of view, from the private nature of housing, this is understandable. For real estate enterprises, profit maximization is their nature. But the problem is that the government ignores the publicity of real estate, and does not regard the huge premium of the real estate market as a wealth shared by the people of the whole country, so that real estate development enterprises can easily make profits. It can be said that this premium is impossible without a large amount of basic investment and service input from the government. Therefore, if this premium only becomes the profit of real estate development enterprises, it will be unfair to all China residents. For example, at present, some developed local governments only regard land and land income as local ownership, so it is unfair to economically backward places under the state-owned land system.

　　　　Finally, the publicity of China real estate is also reflected in the publicity of the policy agenda of the real estate market. Because, in any society, government resources are limited. Faced with this limited resource, the government has to make a choice before making a specific decision. So why are some real estate market problems discussed on the table, while others are excluded? We people must understand: how does the government set its agenda when formulating the real estate market policy? Who is involved in setting these agendas?

　　　　In recent years, there have been frequent policies in China real estate market, but many policies are not only public in content, but also not public in policy agenda setting, which makes many major real estate market problems, especially those involving the vital interests of the general public, unable to enter the real estate policy agenda setting. If you can’t even set the policy agenda, it is difficult to guarantee to solve these problems.

　　　　In a word, publicity is the most important aspect of the real estate market, and there are many contents to be studied on the publicity of real estate. Let’s make some discussions here, hoping to take this as a starting point and attract more attention from domestic academic colleagues. (Yi Xianrong)

Editor: Zhao Xuanxuan